Abstract
The study of the relationship between the crop plant and the technological measures is very important for establishing the best management to increase the yield, to preserve water in the soil and to reduce weed pressure. This article emphasizes the influence of tillage systems: conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT) on soil moisture, weed control and maize yield over three years (2020-2022) on a chernozem soil type at NARDI Fundulea, Romania. Determinations of soil moisture contributed to the climatic characterization of the agricultural year and supplied yearly reference data. In 2022, very low soil moisture values were recorded, being differentiated by the tillage system, leading to a minimum value of only 15.0% (517.5 m3 ha-1 ) for the CT system with spring plowing, a maximum of 19.4% (640.2 m3 ha-1 ) in the NT system and intermediate values in the MT system with 15.8% (564.9 m 3 ha-1 ) for chisel variant. The structure of the weeds present in the maize crop was 36% monocotyledonous and 64% dicotyledonous. The best weeds management does not involve their eradication, but keeping them under economic threshold using technological measures, such as soil tillage systems. Statistical analyzes showed significant effects of all soil tillage on maize yield and of their interactions with other technological measures. The three-year average results showed that the highest yields were recorded with MT (4.51 t ha-1 ), while the averages for CT and NT were lower (4.81 t ha-1 and, respectively, 3.38 t ha-1 ). The application of technological measures in accordance with the climate forecast led to an increase in the chances that maize crop will go well through the vegetation period and give high and stable yields.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Soil moisture reached a minimum of 15.0% under the CT system with spring plowing in 2022.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“In 2022, very low soil moisture values were recorded, being differentiated by the tillage system, leading to a minimum value of only 15.0% (517.5 m3 ha-1 ) for the CT system with spring plowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil moisture reached a maximum of 19.4% in the NT system in 2022.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“In 2022, very low soil moisture values were recorded, being differentiated by the tillage system, leading to a minimum value of only 15.0% (517.5 m3 ha-1 ) for the CT system with spring plowing”
e2“a maximum of 19.4% (640.2 m3 ha-1 ) in the NT system”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil moisture under the chisel variant of the MT system was intermediate, at 15.8%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e1“In 2022, very low soil moisture values were recorded, being differentiated by the tillage system, leading to a minimum value of only 15.0% (517.5 m3 ha-1 ) for the CT system with spring plowing”
e3“intermediate values in the MT system with 15.8% (564.9 m 3 ha-1 ) for chisel variant”
Claim · model-written summary
The weeds present in the maize crop were 36% monocotyledonous and 64% dicotyledonous.
- Interactor
- weedse4weed
- Outcome
- structure of the weedse4
- Value
- 36% monocotyledonous and 64% dicotyledonouse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The structure of the weeds present in the maize crop was 36% monocotyledonous and 64% dicotyledonous”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed management should keep weeds under the economic threshold with technological measures such as soil tillage systems rather than eradicate them.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e5“The best weeds management does not involve their eradication, but keeping them under economic threshold using technological measures, such as soil tillage systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil tillage had a significant effect on maize yield and on its interactions with other technological measures.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e6“Statistical analyzes showed significant effects of all soil tillage on maize yield and of their interactions with other technological measures”
Claim · model-written summary
The three-year average maize yield was highest with the MT system, at 4.51 t ha-1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e7“The three-year average results showed that the highest yields were recorded with MT (4.51 t ha-1 ), while the averages for CT and NT were lower (4.81 t ha-1 and, respectively, 3.38 t ha-1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
The three-year average maize yield with the CT system was 4.81 t ha-1, reported as lower than the MT system.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e7“The three-year average results showed that the highest yields were recorded with MT (4.51 t ha-1 ), while the averages for CT and NT were lower (4.81 t ha-1 and, respectively, 3.38 t ha-1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
The three-year average maize yield with the NT system was 3.38 t ha-1, reported as lower than the MT system.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e7“The three-year average results showed that the highest yields were recorded with MT (4.51 t ha-1 ), while the averages for CT and NT were lower (4.81 t ha-1 and, respectively, 3.38 t ha-1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Technological measures applied in accordance with the climate forecast increased the chances that the maize crop goes well and gives high and stable yields.
- Treatment
- technological measures in accordance with the climate forecaste0
- Outcome
- chances that maize crop will go welle0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
e0“The application of technological measures in accordance with the climate forecast led to an increase in the chances that maize crop will go well through the vegetation period and give high and stable yields”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
811 papers in the same direction as this paper · 230 in the opposite direction · 57 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
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See all 1,099 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.