Abstract
Three perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) populations (R1, R2, and R3) with suspected resistance (R) to acetolactate synthase (ALS) or acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) herbicides were collected from wheat (Triticum aestivum) fields in northwestern Greece to study the underlying mechanisms of resistance and their impact on growth rate and competitive ability against wheat. Preemergence and postemergence plant dose–response assays showed that the R1 population was cross-resistant to the ALS inhibitors chlorsulfuron, mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron, and pyroxsulam, but susceptible (S) to imazamox. However, all populations were susceptible to the ACCase inhibitors clodinafop-propargyl, clethodim, diclofop-methyl, and pinoxaden. The analysis of the ALS gene sequence revealed a substitution of Pro197 by His or Leu in the ALS enzyme in L. perenne, which is reported for the first time in this weed and indicates a potential mechanism of target site-mediated resistance. The R1 population grown in the absence or presence of wheat competition displayed similar aboveground biomass and tiller number trends, and therefore similar estimated growth rates. In addition, the aboveground biomass of wheat was similarly reduced by both the R1 and S populations, supporting the evidence of their similar competitive ability against wheat. In general, these findings indicate that there is no clear evidence for the fitness advantage of R1 over the S population.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
R1 ryegrass was cross-resistant to three ALS inhibitor treatments.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrass
Lolium perennet0 - Material
- R1 populatione0
- Treatment
- chlorsulfuron, mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron, and pyroxsulame0
- Outcome
- cross-resistante0
- Direction
- cross-resistante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the R1 population was cross-resistant to the ALS inhibitors chlorsulfuron, mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron, and pyroxsulam, but susceptible (S) to imazamox”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
R1 ryegrass was susceptible to imazamox.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennet0
- Material
- R1 populatione0
- Treatment
- imazamoxe0
- Outcome
- susceptible (S)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the R1 population was cross-resistant to the ALS inhibitors chlorsulfuron, mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron, and pyroxsulam, but susceptible (S) to imazamox”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested ryegrass populations were susceptible to the four ACCase inhibitors.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennet0
- Material
- all populationse0
- Treatment
- clodinafop-propargyl, clethodim, diclofop-methyl, and pinoxadene0
- Outcome
- susceptiblee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all populations were susceptible to the ACCase inhibitors clodinafop-propargyl, clethodim, diclofop-methyl, and pinoxaden”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
An ALS Pro197 substitution by His or Leu was found in L. perenne.
- Taxon
- L. perenneLolium perennee0
- Gene
- ALS enzymee0
- Outcome
- substitution of Pro197 by His or Leue0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a substitution of Pro197 by His or Leu in the ALS enzyme in L. perenne”
Claim · model-written summary
R1 showed similar aboveground biomass with or without wheat competition.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennet0
- Material
- R1 populatione0
- Treatment
- presence of wheat competitione0
- Interactor
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0weedt0 - Outcome
- aboveground biomasse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- absencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The R1 population grown in the absence or presence of wheat competition displayed similar aboveground biomass and tiller number trends”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
R1 showed similar tiller number trends with or without wheat competition.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennet0
- Material
- R1 populatione0
- Treatment
- presence of wheat competitione0
- Outcome
- tiller number trendse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- absencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The R1 population grown in the absence or presence of wheat competition displayed similar aboveground biomass and tiller number trends”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
R1 and susceptible ryegrass populations similarly reduced wheat aboveground biomass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- R1e0
- Outcome
- aboveground biomass of wheate0
- Direction
- similarly reducede0
- Comparator
- S populationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the aboveground biomass of wheat was similarly reduced by both the R1 and S populations”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors found no clear fitness advantage of R1 over the susceptible population.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennet0
- Material
- R1e0
- Outcome
- fitness advantagee0
- Direction
- no clear evidencee0
- Comparator
- S populatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there is no clear evidence for the fitness advantage of R1 over the S population”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
The same questions in other papers
Triticum aestivum · yield · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
competition · growth · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
competition · yield · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.