Abstract
Context Biological nitrogen (N) fixation through the rhizobia–legume symbiosis is a sustainable and cost-effective source of N for agriculture. In New Zealand (NZ), white clover (Trifolium repens) is a key component of pastures and rhizobial inoculation of clover is widely used. The current commercial inoculant for white clover, TA1, was isolated in Australia in the 1950s and may not be the best partner for modern white clover cultivars. Aims To identify Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii (Rlt) isolates suitable for use in NZ pastures. Methods The symbiotic potential of >230 isolates collected from throughout NZ was evaluated in plant bioassays. Selected isolates were further evaluated in pot and field trials. Key results Approximately 40% of NZ isolates supported better clover growth than TA1 under N-limited conditions in vitro. Of 24 Rlt isolates evaluated in a glasshouse trial, five produced significantly higher clover biomass than TA1. Three (S11N9, S20N7, S4N6) of nine isolates evaluated in two field trials in 2018–2019 significantly increased clover growth (12–38%) compared with paired uninoculated clover at several harvests, whereas inoculation with TA1 did not improve yield. In a third trial in 2020, S11N9 and S20N7 increased clover growth compared with the uninoculated control at two of three harvests; S4N6 performed better than TA1 at one harvest. When tested with four white clover cultivars, five Rlt isolates had higher symbiotic potential than TA1. Conclusions Inoculating white clover would be beneficial if improved inoculant isolates were available. Implications We recommend some NZ Rlt isolates could be developed into commercial inoculants to improve white clover performance in NZ.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
About 40% of NZ isolates supported better clover growth than TA1 under N-limited conditions in vitro.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repens
Trifolium repense0 - Treatment
- NZ isolatese1
- Interactor
- NZ isolatese1symbiont
- Outcome
- clover growthe1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Value
- Approximately 40%e1
- Qualifier
- under N-limited conditionse1
- Comparator
- TA1e1
- Setting
- in vitroe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“white clover (Trifolium repens) is a key component of pastures”
e1“Approximately 40% of NZ isolates supported better clover growth than TA1 under N-limited conditions in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Five Rlt isolates produced significantly higher clover biomass than TA1 in a glasshouse trial.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- Rlt isolatese2
- Interactor
- Rlte2symbiont
- Outcome
- clover biomasse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- fivee2
- Comparator
- TA1e2
- Setting
- glasshouse triale2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“white clover (Trifolium repens) is a key component of pastures”
e2“Of 24 Rlt isolates evaluated in a glasshouse trial, five produced significantly higher clover biomass than TA1”
Claim · model-written summary
Three of nine isolates (S11N9, S20N7, S4N6) increased clover growth by 12–38% compared with paired uninoculated clover in two field trials in 2018–2019.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repense0
- Material
- S11N9, S20N7, S4N6e3
- Treatment
- isolatese3
- Interactor
- isolatese3symbiont
- Outcome
- clover growthe3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 12–38%e3
- Comparator
- paired uninoculated clovere3
- Setting
- two field trials in 2018–2019e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“white clover (Trifolium repens) is a key component of pastures”
e3“Three (S11N9, S20N7, S4N6) of nine isolates evaluated in two field trials in 2018–2019 significantly increased clover growth (12–38%) compared with paired uninoculated clover at several harvests”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with TA1 did not improve white clover yield.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- inoculation with TA1e4
- Interactor
- TA1e4symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- did not improvee4
- Comparator
- paired uninoculated clovere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“white clover (Trifolium repens) is a key component of pastures”
e3“Three (S11N9, S20N7, S4N6) of nine isolates evaluated in two field trials in 2018–2019 significantly increased clover growth (12–38%) compared with paired uninoculated clover at several harvests”
e4“whereas inoculation with TA1 did not improve yield”
Claim · model-written summary
S11N9 and S20N7 increased clover growth compared with the uninoculated control at two of three harvests in a third trial in 2020.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repense0
- Material
- S11N9 and S20N7e5
- Treatment
- isolatese3
- Interactor
- isolatese3symbiont
- Outcome
- clover growthe5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- at two of three harvestse5
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle5
- Setting
- third trial in 2020e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“white clover (Trifolium repens) is a key component of pastures”
e3“Three (S11N9, S20N7, S4N6) of nine isolates evaluated in two field trials in 2018–2019 significantly increased clover growth (12–38%) compared with paired uninoculated clover at several harvests”
e5“In a third trial in 2020, S11N9 and S20N7 increased clover growth compared with the uninoculated control at two of three harvests”
Claim · model-written summary
S4N6 performed better than TA1 at one harvest.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repense0
- Material
- S4N6e6
- Treatment
- S4N6e6
- Interactor
- S4N6e6symbiont
- Outcome
- performede6
- Direction
- bettere6
- Qualifier
- at one harveste6
- Comparator
- TA1e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“white clover (Trifolium repens) is a key component of pastures”
e6“S4N6 performed better than TA1 at one harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Five Rlt isolates had higher symbiotic potential than TA1 across four white clover cultivars.
- Taxon
- Trifolium repensTrifolium repense0
- Material
- four white clover cultivarse7
- Treatment
- Rlt isolatese7
- Interactor
- Rlte7symbiont
- Outcome
- symbiotic potentiale7
- Direction
- highere7
- Value
- fivee7
- Comparator
- TA1e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“white clover (Trifolium repens) is a key component of pastures”
e7“When tested with four white clover cultivars, five Rlt isolates had higher symbiotic potential than TA1”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculating white clover would be beneficial if improved inoculant isolates were available.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense7
- Outcome
- Inoculating white clovere7
- Qualifier
- if improved inoculant isolates were availablee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Inoculating white clover would be beneficial if improved inoculant isolates were available”
Claim · model-written summary
Some NZ Rlt isolates could be developed into commercial inoculants to improve white clover performance in NZ.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense7
- Interactor
- Rlte7symbiont
- Outcome
- developed into commercial inoculantse7
- Qualifier
- to improve white clover performance in NZe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“We recommend some NZ Rlt isolates could be developed into commercial inoculants to improve white clover performance in NZ”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · yield · Trifolium repens (white clover)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.