Paper · 2023 · Smart Agricultural Technology

Irrigated corn grain yield prediction in Florida using active sensors and plant height

Diego A. H. de S. Leitão; Sudeep S. Sidhu; Winniefred D. Griffin; et al.

7
claims
14
verbatim quotes
13
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc-nd

Abstract

Remote sensing is widely utilized in agriculture for estimating corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield (CGY). Few studies have determined if the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and/or Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) can estimate CGY in Florida. From April to August 2022, in Live Oak, Florida, a field-scale experiment was conducted in two sites with irrigated corn using a complete randomized block design with six nitrogen (N) rates and four replicates per site. This study aimed to estimate CGY using NDVI alone or in combination with SPAD, plant height (PH), and N rate. CGY response curve served as a comparison standard. Fifteen data subsets were selected, and stepwise selection multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to generate each reduced equation (Model). In addition, the relative significance of the predictor variables was evaluated. The strongest correlations with CGY were demonstrated by N rate (r = 0.93), PH103 (r = 0.91), NDVI39 (r = 0.81), and SPAD60 (r = 0.93). Models with multiple variables showed a better fit than single-variable models. Model 15 (variables until tasseling - 60 DAP) demonstrated comparable performance with 92.8% of variance explained and RMSE = 1,315.685 kg ha−1. Regardless of the model, the N rate has always contributed the most to CGY. Although Model 1 had the best overall performance, it may not be feasible for growers to utilize a model with multiple terms. Consequently, Model 15 could estimate CGY in Florida based on PH and NDVI at 60 and 32 DAP, respectively.

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Claims 7

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

N rate, plant height, NDVI and SPAD correlated with corn grain yield at r = 0.93, 0.91, 0.81 and 0.93, respectively.

Treatment
N ratee0
Outcome
correlations with CGYe0
Value
r = 0.93e0
Setting
Floridat0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The strongest correlations with CGY were demonstrated by N rate (r = 0.93), PH103 (r = 0.91), NDVI39 (r = 0.81), and SPAD60 (r = 0.93).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 872–1007 · show in text ↑
t0

“corn grain yield prediction in Florida”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–48 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Models with multiple variables fit corn grain yield better than single-variable models.

Outcome
fite0
Direction
bettere0
Comparator
single-variable modelse0
Setting
Floridat0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Models with multiple variables showed a better fit than single-variable models.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1008–1087 · show in text ↑
t0

“corn grain yield prediction in Florida”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–48 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Model 15 explained 92.8% of corn grain yield variance.

Outcome
variance explainede0
Value
92.8%e0
Qualifier
variables until tasseling - 60 DAPe0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Model 15 (variables until tasseling - 60 DAP) demonstrated comparable performance with 92.8% of variance explained and RMSE = 1,315.685 kg ha−1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1088–1232 · show in text ↑
t0

“corn grain yield prediction in Florida”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–48 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Model 15 had an RMSE of 1,315.685 kg ha−1.

Outcome
RMSEe0
Value
1,315.685 kg ha−1e0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Model 15 (variables until tasseling - 60 DAP) demonstrated comparable performance with 92.8% of variance explained and RMSE = 1,315.685 kg ha−1.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1088–1232 · show in text ↑
t0

“corn grain yield prediction in Florida”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–48 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

N rate contributed the most to corn grain yield in every model.

Treatment
N ratee0
Outcome
CGYe0
Qualifier
Regardless of the modele0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Regardless of the model, the N rate has always contributed the most to CGY.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1233–1308 · show in text ↑
t0

“corn grain yield prediction in Florida”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–48 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Model 1 had the best overall performance.

Outcome
overall performancee0
Direction
beste0
Comparator
Model 1e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Although Model 1 had the best overall performance, it may not be feasible for growers to utilize a model with multiple terms.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1309–1434 · show in text ↑
t0

“corn grain yield prediction in Florida”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–48 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Model 15 could estimate corn grain yield in Florida using height at 60 DAP and NDVI at 32 DAP.

Outcome
estimate CGYe0
Value
60 and 32 DAPe0
Setting
Floridae0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Consequently, Model 15 could estimate CGY in Florida based on PH and NDVI at 60 and 32 DAP, respectively.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1435–1540 · show in text ↑
t0

“corn grain yield prediction in Florida”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–48 · show in text ↑