Abstract
Limited information exists on the impact of the addition of 28% urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) to 2,4-D, applied preplant (PP) to soybean, on the control of multiple-herbicide-resistant (MHR) Canada fleabane. A total of five field experiments were conducted over a two-year period (2020, 2021) in southwestern Ontario to determine if MHR Canada fleabane control with 2,4-D ester applied PP can be improved by adding UAN to the spray solution. Glyphosate + 2,4-D ester applied PP with various rates of UAN caused no soybean injury. The control of MHR Canada fleabane decreased when UAN was added to the spray solution, especially at higher rates evaluated. At 4 weeks after treatment (WAT), the predicted percent UAN concentration in the spray solution that caused a 5, 10, 20, or 50% decrease in MHR Canada fleabane control was 12, 17, 25, and 52%, respectively. At 8 WAT, the predicted percent UAN concentration that caused a 5, 10, 20, or 50% decrease in MHR Canada fleabane control was 10, 13, 18, and 33%, respectively. At 8 WAT, the predicted percent UAN concentration that caused a 5 and 10% increase in MHR Canada fleabane density was 36 and 73%, respectively. At 8 WAT, the predicted percent UAN concentration that caused a 5, 10, 20, or 50% increase in MHR Canada fleabane biomass was 2, 4, 8, and 19%, respectively. The predicted percent UAN concentration that caused a 5, 10, and 20% decrease in soybean yield was 1, 3, and 12%, respectively. This study concludes that the addition of 28% UAN, especially at the higher concentration, to 2,4-D ester reduces control and increases the density and biomass of MHR Canada fleabane.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate, 2,4-D and UAN caused no soybean injury.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Glyphosate + 2,4-D ester applied PP with various rates of UANe0
- Outcome
- soybean injurye0
- Direction
- noe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate + 2,4-D ester applied PP with various rates of UAN caused no soybean injury”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding UAN reduced resistant Canada fleabane control, particularly at higher rates.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- UANe0
- Interactor
- MHR Canada fleabanee0weed
- Outcome
- control of MHR Canada fleabanee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- especially at higher rates evaluatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The control of MHR Canada fleabane decreased when UAN was added to the spray solution, especially at higher rates evaluated”
t0“applied preplant (PP) to soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
At four weeks, modeled UAN concentrations of 12, 17, 25 and 52% corresponded to 5, 10, 20 and 50% reductions in fleabane control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- MHR Canada fleabanee0weed
- Outcome
- MHR Canada fleabane controle0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 12, 17, 25, and 52%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 4 weeks after treatment (WAT), the predicted percent UAN concentration in the spray solution that caused a 5, 10, 20, or 50% decrease in MHR Canada fleabane control was 12, 17, 25, and 52%, respectively”
t0“applied preplant (PP) to soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
At eight weeks, modeled UAN concentrations of 10, 13, 18 and 33% corresponded to 5, 10, 20 and 50% reductions in fleabane control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- MHR Canada fleabanee0weed
- Outcome
- MHR Canada fleabane controle0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 10, 13, 18, and 33%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 8 WAT, the predicted percent UAN concentration that caused a 5, 10, 20, or 50% decrease in MHR Canada fleabane control was 10, 13, 18, and 33%, respectively”
t0“applied preplant (PP) to soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
At eight weeks, modeled UAN concentrations of 36 and 73% corresponded to 5 and 10% increases in fleabane density.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- MHR Canada fleabanee0weed
- Outcome
- MHR Canada fleabane densitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 36 and 73%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 8 WAT, the predicted percent UAN concentration that caused a 5 and 10% increase in MHR Canada fleabane density was 36 and 73%, respectively”
t0“applied preplant (PP) to soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
At eight weeks, modeled UAN concentrations of 2, 4, 8 and 19% corresponded to 5, 10, 20 and 50% increases in fleabane biomass.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- MHR Canada fleabanee0weed
- Outcome
- MHR Canada fleabane biomasse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 2, 4, 8, and 19%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 8 WAT, the predicted percent UAN concentration that caused a 5, 10, 20, or 50% increase in MHR Canada fleabane biomass was 2, 4, 8, and 19%, respectively”
t0“applied preplant (PP) to soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Modeled UAN concentrations of 1, 3 and 12% corresponded to 5, 10 and 20% soybean yield reductions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 1, 3, and 12%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The predicted percent UAN concentration that caused a 5, 10, and 20% decrease in soybean yield was 1, 3, and 12%, respectively”
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.