Abstract
Viroids are circular RNAs of minimal complexity compelled to subvert plant-regulatory networks to accomplish their infectious process. Studies focused on the response to viroid-infection have mostly addressed specific regulatory levels and considered specifics infection-times. Thus, much remains to be done to understand the temporal evolution and complex nature of viroid-host interactions. Here we present an integrative analysis of the temporal evolution of the genome-wide alterations in cucumber plants infected with hop stunt viroid (HSVd) by integrating differential host transcriptome, sRNAnome and methylome. Our results support that HSVd promotes the redesign of the cucumber regulatory-pathways predominantly affecting specific regulatory layers at different infection-phases. The initial response was characterised by a reconfiguration of the host-transcriptome by differential exon-usage, followed by a progressive transcriptional downregulation modulated by epigenetic changes. Regarding endogenous small RNAs, the alterations were limited and mainly occurred at the late stage. Significant host-alterations were predominantly related to the downregulation of transcripts involved in plant-defence mechanisms, the restriction of pathogen-movement and the systemic spreading of defence signals. We expect that these data constituting the first comprehensive temporal-map of the plant-regulatory alterations associated with HSVd infection could contribute to elucidate the molecular basis of the yet poorly known host-response to viroid-induced pathogenesis.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
HSVd redesigned cucumber regulatory pathways, predominantly affecting different regulatory layers at different infection phases.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- HSVde0
- Interactor
- HSVdHop stunt viroide0pathogen
- Outcome
- redesign of the cucumber regulatory-pathwayse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results support that HSVd promotes the redesign of the cucumber regulatory-pathways predominantly affecting specific regulatory layers at different infection-phases.”
Claim · model-written summary
The initial cucumber response involved host transcriptome reconfiguration by differential exon usage.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Interactor
- hop stunt viroidHop stunt viroide1pathogen
- Outcome
- reconfiguration of the host-transcriptome by differential exon-usagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The initial response was characterised by a reconfiguration of the host-transcriptome by differential exon-usage”
e1“cucumber plants infected with hop stunt viroid (HSVd)”
Claim · model-written summary
Progressive transcriptional downregulation in cucumber was modulated by epigenetic changes.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Interactor
- hop stunt viroidHop stunt viroide1pathogen
- Outcome
- transcriptional downregulatione0
- Qualifier
- epigenetic changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by a progressive transcriptional downregulation modulated by epigenetic changes”
e1“cucumber plants infected with hop stunt viroid (HSVd)”
Claim · model-written summary
Endogenous small RNA alterations in cucumber were limited and mainly occurred late in infection.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Interactor
- hop stunt viroidHop stunt viroide1pathogen
- Outcome
- endogenous small RNAse0
- Qualifier
- limited and mainly occurred at the late stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regarding endogenous small RNAs, the alterations were limited and mainly occurred at the late stage.”
e1“cucumber plants infected with hop stunt viroid (HSVd)”
Claim · model-written summary
Significant cucumber host alterations predominantly involved downregulation of transcripts participating in defence, pathogen movement restriction and systemic defence signal spreading.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Interactor
- hop stunt viroidHop stunt viroide1pathogen
- Outcome
- transcripts involved in plant-defence mechanisms, the restriction of pathogen-movement and the systemic spreading of defence signalse0
- Direction
- downregulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant host-alterations were predominantly related to the downregulation of transcripts involved in plant-defence mechanisms, the restriction of pathogen-movement and the systemic spreading of defence signals.”
e1“cucumber plants infected with hop stunt viroid (HSVd)”
Claim · model-written summary
The study provided the first comprehensive temporal map of plant regulatory alterations associated with HSVd infection.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Interactor
- HSVdHop stunt viroide0pathogen
- Outcome
- comprehensive temporal-map of the plant-regulatory alterationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these data constituting the first comprehensive temporal-map of the plant-regulatory alterations associated with HSVd infection”
e1“cucumber plants infected with hop stunt viroid (HSVd)”