Abstract
Four antibiotics in combination with antibacterial chemicals and two bio-agents viz Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis, were evaluated in vitro against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv citri (Hasse). The results revealed that among the different antibiotics, in combination with antibacterial chemicals, streptocycline (100 ppm) + copper oxychloride (0.25%) showed higher inhibition zone (10.0 mm) as compared to kasugamycin (0.15%) (8.6 mm) and validamycin (0.2%) + copper oxychloride (0.25%) (8.8 mm). In vitro study of bio-agents by dual culture method revealed that P fluorescence showed maximum inhibition zone (97.2%) followed by B subtilis (92%). In vivo evaluation of antibiotics in combination with antibacterial chemicals and bio-agents revealed that the minimum disease intensity of 19.53 and 19.63 per cent was recorded in streptocycline (100 ppm) + copper oxychloride (0.25%) and streptocycline (100 ppm) + copper hydroxide (0.5%) with 40.41 and 39.46 per cent disease control respectively. Maximum disease intensity was recorded in control (32.50%) with 0.0 per cent disease control followed by B subtilis (5 g/l) (27.41%) and P fluorescence (5 g/l) (26.43%) with disease control of 16.81 and 19.20 per cent respectively.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Streptocycline and copper oxychloride gave a 10.0 mm inhibition zone in vitro.
- Taxon
- acid limet0
- Treatment
- streptocycline (100 ppm) + copper oxychloride (0.25%)e0
- Outcome
- inhibition zonee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 10.0 mme0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“streptocycline (100 ppm) + copper oxychloride (0.25%) showed higher inhibition zone (10.0 mm)”
t0“acid lime”
Claim · model-written summary
Kasugamycin produced an 8.6 mm inhibition zone.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“kasugamycin (0.15%) (8.6 mm)”
t0“acid lime”
e1“streptocycline (100 ppm) + copper oxychloride (0.25%) showed higher inhibition zone (10.0 mm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Validamycin plus copper oxychloride produced an 8.8 mm inhibition zone.
- Taxon
- acid limet0
- Treatment
- validamycin (0.2%) + copper oxychloride (0.25%)e0
- Outcome
- inhibition zonee1
- Value
- 8.8 mme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“validamycin (0.2%) + copper oxychloride (0.25%) (8.8 mm)”
t0“acid lime”
e1“streptocycline (100 ppm) + copper oxychloride (0.25%) showed higher inhibition zone (10.0 mm)”
Claim · model-written summary
P fluorescence gave a maximum 97.2% inhibition zone.
- Taxon
- acid limet0
- Treatment
- P fluorescencee0
- Interactor
- P fluorescencee0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition zonee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 97.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“P fluorescence showed maximum inhibition zone (97.2%)”
t0“acid lime”
Claim · model-written summary
B subtilis gave a 92% inhibition zone.
- Taxon
- acid limet0
- Treatment
- B subtilise0
- Interactor
- B subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- inhibition zonee1
- Value
- 92%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B subtilis (92%)”
t0“acid lime”
e1“streptocycline (100 ppm) + copper oxychloride (0.25%) showed higher inhibition zone (10.0 mm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Streptocycline plus copper oxychloride produced 19.53% disease intensity.
- Taxon
- acid limet0
- Treatment
- streptocycline (100 ppm) + copper oxychloride (0.25%)e0
- Outcome
- disease intensitye0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 19.53e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“minimum disease intensity of 19.53 and 19.63 per cent was recorded in streptocycline (100 ppm) + copper oxychloride (0.25%) and streptocycline (100 ppm) + copper hydroxide (0.5%)”
t0“acid lime”
Claim · model-written summary
Streptocycline plus copper hydroxide produced 19.63% disease intensity.
- Taxon
- acid limet0
- Treatment
- streptocycline (100 ppm) + copper hydroxide (0.5%)e0
- Outcome
- disease intensitye0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 19.63 per cente0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“minimum disease intensity of 19.53 and 19.63 per cent was recorded in streptocycline (100 ppm) + copper oxychloride (0.25%) and streptocycline (100 ppm) + copper hydroxide (0.5%)”
t0“acid lime”
Claim · model-written summary
Streptocycline plus copper oxychloride achieved 40.41% disease control.
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“with 40.41 and 39.46 per cent disease control respectively”
t0“acid lime”
Claim · model-written summary
Streptocycline plus copper hydroxide achieved 39.46% disease control.
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“with 40.41 and 39.46 per cent disease control respectively”
t0“acid lime”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated control had maximum disease intensity of 32.50%.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“Maximum disease intensity was recorded in control (32.50%) with 0.0 per cent disease control”
t0“acid lime”
Claim · model-written summary
B subtilis treatment had disease intensity of 27.41%.
- Taxon
- acid limet0
- Treatment
- B subtilis (5 g/l)e0
- Interactor
- B subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease intensitye1
- Value
- 27.41%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B subtilis (5 g/l) (27.41%)”
t0“acid lime”
e1“minimum disease intensity of 19.53 and 19.63 per cent was recorded in streptocycline (100 ppm) + copper oxychloride (0.25%) and streptocycline (100 ppm) + copper hydroxide (0.5%)”
Claim · model-written summary
P fluorescence treatment had disease intensity of 26.43%.
- Taxon
- acid limet0
- Treatment
- P fluorescence (5 g/l)e0
- Interactor
- P fluorescencee0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease intensitye1
- Value
- 26.43%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“P fluorescence (5 g/l) (26.43%)”
t0“acid lime”
e1“minimum disease intensity of 19.53 and 19.63 per cent was recorded in streptocycline (100 ppm) + copper oxychloride (0.25%) and streptocycline (100 ppm) + copper hydroxide (0.5%)”
Claim · model-written summary
B subtilis treatment controlled disease by 16.81%.
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“disease control of 16.81 and 19.20 per cent respectively”
t0“acid lime”
Claim · model-written summary
P fluorescence treatment controlled disease by 19.20%.
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“disease control of 16.81 and 19.20 per cent respectively”
t0“acid lime”