Abstract
The field experiment on comparative studies of different farming methods for their efficiency and productivity in maize + redgram intercropping system was conducted at zonal agricultural and horticultural research station, Bhavikere during Kharif season. Among the different farming types, growth and yield parameters of maize viz. plant height (204.18 cm) number of leaves/ plant (17.20), cob length (15.94cm), straw yield (19.35 t/ ha) grain yield (81.36 q/ ha) and red gram Grain yield (4.36 q/ ha) and straw yield (11.19 q/ ha) were significantly higher with treatment received nutrients as per package of practices as compared to natural farming and organic farming treatments. Similar trend was observed with maize equivalent yield (95.50 q/ ha). On the other hand, highest dehydrogenase (14.32, 28.65, 24.19 and 16.23 µg TPF/ g soil/ day) and urease (4.12, 12.65, 7.14 and 3.32 µg NH4-N/ g / soil/ 2 hrs) enzyme activity was observed in organic farming treatment at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest, respectively followed by natural farming treatment and least enzyme activity was noticed in farmers practice. Same trend was observed in acid and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities. There was no much variation in physical properties i.e., bulk density, particle density, maximum water holding capacity and porosity by the different treatments and also no significant difference occurs in the pH and EC, however higher nitrogen (315.27) phosphorus (73.48) and potassium (271.28) was observed in the organic farming treatment and it was followed with the farmer’s practice treatment. The lowest was recorded in the natural farming treatment (215.47, 33.47 and 220.47 at the harvest stage).
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height of maize was higher with nutrients applied per the package of practices than with natural or organic farming (204.18 cm).
- Treatment
- treatment received nutrients as per package of practicese2
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 204.18 cme1
- Comparator
- natural farming and organic farming treatmentse2
- Setting
- Bhavikeree3
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield parameters of maize”
e1“plant height (204.18 cm)”
e2“were significantly higher with treatment received nutrients as per package of practices as compared to natural farming and organic farming treatments”
e3“zonal agricultural and horticultural research station, Bhavikere during Kharif season”
Claim · model-written summary
Number of leaves per maize plant was higher with package-of-practice nutrients than with natural or organic farming (17.20).
- Treatment
- treatment received nutrients as per package of practicese2
- Outcome
- number of leaves/ plante1
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 17.20e1
- Comparator
- natural farming and organic farming treatmentse2
- Setting
- Bhavikeree3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield parameters of maize”
e1“number of leaves/ plant (17.20)”
e2“were significantly higher with treatment received nutrients as per package of practices as compared to natural farming and organic farming treatments”
e3“zonal agricultural and horticultural research station, Bhavikere during Kharif season”
Claim · model-written summary
Cob length of maize was higher with package-of-practice nutrients than with natural or organic farming (15.94 cm).
- Treatment
- treatment received nutrients as per package of practicese2
- Outcome
- cob lengthe1
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 15.94cme1
- Comparator
- natural farming and organic farming treatmentse2
- Setting
- Bhavikeree3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield parameters of maize”
e1“cob length (15.94cm)”
e2“were significantly higher with treatment received nutrients as per package of practices as compared to natural farming and organic farming treatments”
e3“zonal agricultural and horticultural research station, Bhavikere during Kharif season”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw yield of maize was higher with package-of-practice nutrients than with natural or organic farming (19.35 t/ ha).
- Treatment
- treatment received nutrients as per package of practicese2
- Outcome
- straw yielde1
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 19.35 t/ hae1
- Comparator
- natural farming and organic farming treatmentse2
- Setting
- Bhavikeree3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield parameters of maize”
e1“straw yield (19.35 t/ ha)”
e2“were significantly higher with treatment received nutrients as per package of practices as compared to natural farming and organic farming treatments”
e3“zonal agricultural and horticultural research station, Bhavikere during Kharif season”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield of maize was higher with package-of-practice nutrients than with natural or organic farming (81.36 q/ ha).
- Treatment
- treatment received nutrients as per package of practicese2
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 81.36 q/ hae1
- Comparator
- natural farming and organic farming treatmentse2
- Setting
- Bhavikeree3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield parameters of maize”
e1“grain yield (81.36 q/ ha)”
e2“were significantly higher with treatment received nutrients as per package of practices as compared to natural farming and organic farming treatments”
e3“zonal agricultural and horticultural research station, Bhavikere during Kharif season”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield of red gram was higher with package-of-practice nutrients than with natural or organic farming (4.36 q/ ha).
Verbatim
e1“red gram Grain yield (4.36 q/ ha)”
e2“were significantly higher with treatment received nutrients as per package of practices as compared to natural farming and organic farming treatments”
e3“zonal agricultural and horticultural research station, Bhavikere during Kharif season”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw yield of red gram was higher with package-of-practice nutrients than with natural or organic farming (11.19 q/ ha).
Verbatim
e1“red gram Grain yield (4.36 q/ ha) and straw yield (11.19 q/ ha)”
e2“were significantly higher with treatment received nutrients as per package of practices as compared to natural farming and organic farming treatments”
e3“zonal agricultural and horticultural research station, Bhavikere during Kharif season”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize equivalent yield followed the same trend, higher with package-of-practice nutrients (95.50 q/ ha).
- Treatment
- treatment received nutrients as per package of practicese2
- Outcome
- maize equivalent yielde1
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 95.50 q/ hae1
- Comparator
- natural farming and organic farming treatmentse2
- Setting
- Bhavikeree3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Similar trend was observed with maize equivalent yield (95.50 q/ ha)”
e2“were significantly higher with treatment received nutrients as per package of practices as compared to natural farming and organic farming treatments”
e3“zonal agricultural and horticultural research station, Bhavikere during Kharif season”
Claim · model-written summary
Dehydrogenase activity was highest in the organic farming treatment (14.32, 28.65, 24.19 and 16.23 µg TPF/ g soil/ day).
- Treatment
- organic farming treatmente2
- Outcome
- dehydrogenasee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 14.32, 28.65, 24.19 and 16.23 µg TPF/ g soil/ daye1
- Comparator
- natural farming treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield parameters of maize”
e1“highest dehydrogenase (14.32, 28.65, 24.19 and 16.23 µg TPF/ g soil/ day) and urease (4.12, 12.65, 7.14 and 3.32 µg NH4-N/ g / soil/ 2 hrs)”
e2“enzyme activity was observed in organic farming treatment at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest”
e3“followed by natural farming treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Urease activity was highest in the organic farming treatment (4.12, 12.65, 7.14 and 3.32 µg NH4-N/ g / soil/ 2 hrs).
- Treatment
- organic farming treatmente2
- Outcome
- ureasee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 4.12, 12.65, 7.14 and 3.32 µg NH4-N/ g / soil/ 2 hrse1
- Comparator
- natural farming treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield parameters of maize”
e1“highest dehydrogenase (14.32, 28.65, 24.19 and 16.23 µg TPF/ g soil/ day) and urease (4.12, 12.65, 7.14 and 3.32 µg NH4-N/ g / soil/ 2 hrs)”
e2“enzyme activity was observed in organic farming treatment at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest”
e3“followed by natural farming treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid and alkaline phosphatase activities followed the same trend, higher in the organic farming treatment.
- Treatment
- organic farming treatmente2
- Outcome
- acid and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activitiese1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Comparator
- natural farming treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield parameters of maize”
e1“Same trend was observed in acid and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities”
e2“enzyme activity was observed in organic farming treatment at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest”
e3“followed by natural farming treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulk density, particle density, maximum water holding capacity and porosity did not vary among the treatments.
- Treatment
- different treatmentse1
- Outcome
- bulk density, particle density, maximum water holding capacity and porositye1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield parameters of maize”
e1“There was no much variation in physical properties i.e., bulk density, particle density, maximum water holding capacity and porosity by the different treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
pH and EC did not differ significantly among the treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield parameters of maize”
e1“no significant difference occurs in the pH and EC”
e2“There was no much variation in physical properties i.e., bulk density, particle density, maximum water holding capacity and porosity by the different treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen was higher in the organic farming treatment (315.27), the highest of the treatments.
- Treatment
- organic farming treatmente1
- Outcome
- nitrogene1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 315.27e1
- Qualifier
- 215.47e2
- Comparator
- natural farming treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield parameters of maize”
e1“higher nitrogen (315.27) phosphorus (73.48) and potassium (271.28) was observed in the organic farming treatment”
e2“The lowest was recorded in the natural farming treatment (215.47, 33.47 and 220.47 at the harvest stage)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus was higher in the organic farming treatment (73.48).
- Treatment
- organic farming treatmente1
- Outcome
- phosphoruse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 73.48e1
- Qualifier
- 33.47e2
- Comparator
- natural farming treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield parameters of maize”
e1“higher nitrogen (315.27) phosphorus (73.48) and potassium (271.28) was observed in the organic farming treatment”
e2“The lowest was recorded in the natural farming treatment (215.47, 33.47 and 220.47 at the harvest stage)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium was higher in the organic farming treatment (271.28).
- Treatment
- organic farming treatmente1
- Outcome
- potassiume1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 271.28e1
- Qualifier
- 220.47e2
- Comparator
- natural farming treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth and yield parameters of maize”
e1“higher nitrogen (315.27) phosphorus (73.48) and potassium (271.28) was observed in the organic farming treatment”
e2“The lowest was recorded in the natural farming treatment (215.47, 33.47 and 220.47 at the harvest stage)”
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