Abstract
Test weight, one of the primary indicators of soybean seed quality, is measured as the amount of soybean seeds in kilograms that can fit into one hectoliter. The price that growers receive for their soybean is dependent on test weight. Over the past 50 years, growers have observed a decreasing trend in test weight. Therefore, it is imperative to understand better the relationship between soybean test weight and other traits to enable breeders to select parental lines with high test weights in breeding programs to ensure the grower's profitability. The objectives of the study were to identify genetic markers associated with high test weight in soybean and to determine the correlation between high test weight and five important seed composition traits (protein, oil, sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose content). Maturity group IV and V germplasms from the USDA soybean germplasm collection were grown in Blacksburg and Warsaw in Virginia from 2019 to 2021 and were measured for all of the above traits. Results show that test weight values ranged from 62-77 kg/hL over the three years. Multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with high test weight were found on chromosome (Chr.) 15 along with a couple on chromosome 14, and 11 candidate genes were found near these SNPs. Test weight was found to be significantly negatively correlated with oil content, inconsistently correlated with protein content in all environments, and negatively correlated but not significantly with all three sugars except for raffinose in Blacksburg 2019. We concluded that the genes that underlie test weight might be on chromosome 15, and the validated associated SNPs might be used to assist breeding selection of test weight. Breeders should pay special attention to test weight while selecting for high oil content in soybean due to their negative correlation.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean test weight ranged from 62 to 77 kg/hL across three years.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxt0 - Outcome
- test weighte0
- Value
- 62-77 kg/hLe0
- Setting
- over the three yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“test weight values ranged from 62-77 kg/hL over the three years”
t0“Glycine max”
Claim · model-written summary
Multiple SNPs on chromosome 15 were significantly associated with high soybean test weight.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)e0
- Outcome
- high test weighte0
- Qualifier
- chromosome (Chr.) 15e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with high test weight were found on chromosome (Chr.) 15”
t0“Glycine max”
Claim · model-written summary
A couple of SNPs on chromosome 14 were significantly associated with high soybean test weight.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- chromosome 14e0
- Outcome
- High Test Weightt0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“along with a couple on chromosome 14”
t0“High Test Weight in Glycine max”
Claim · model-written summary
Eleven candidate genes were found near the test weight associated SNPs.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- candidate genese0
- Outcome
- candidate genese0
- Value
- 11e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“11 candidate genes were found near these SNPs”
t0“Glycine max”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean test weight was significantly negatively correlated with oil content.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Test weighte0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Qualifier
- oil contente0
Not reportedCompound
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Test weight was found to be significantly negatively correlated with oil content”
t0“Glycine max”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean test weight had inconsistent correlations with protein content across environments.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Setting
- all environmentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inconsistently correlated with protein content in all environments”
t0“Glycine max”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean test weight was negatively but nonsignificantly correlated with sucrose content.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- sugarse0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Setting
- Blacksburg 2019e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negatively correlated but not significantly with all three sugars except for raffinose in Blacksburg 2019”
t0“Glycine max”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean test weight was negatively but nonsignificantly correlated with stachyose content.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- sugarse0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Setting
- Blacksburg 2019e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negatively correlated but not significantly with all three sugars except for raffinose in Blacksburg 2019”
t0“Glycine max”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that genes underlying test weight may be on chromosome 15.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- genese0
- Outcome
- test weighte0
- Qualifier
- chromosome 15e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genes that underlie test weight might be on chromosome 15”
t0“Glycine max”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest validated associated SNPs could assist selection for test weight.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- SNPse0
- Outcome
- assist breeding selection of test weighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“validated associated SNPs might be used to assist breeding selection of test weight”
t0“Glycine max”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise attention to test weight when selecting soybean for high oil content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- pay special attention to test weight while selecting for high oil contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Breeders should pay special attention to test weight while selecting for high oil content in soybean due to their negative correlation”