Abstract
Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) a superlative ornamental cut flower, is commercially cultivated all around the world. Fusarium yellows and corm rot is a devastating disease of gladiolus and is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli. Considering the importance of the disease, the present study was conducted over the period of 2 years (2020-21 and 2021-22) with the objective to evaluate the bioformulation of Bacillus subtilis NBRI-W9 against Fusarium yellows and corm rot in gladiolus under field conditions. Two sets of experiments were designed with two different varieties i.e. susceptible variety (White Prosperity) and tolerant variety (Punjab Glance). In the first set of experiment, maximum corm germination (91.67% and 91.50%), maximum disease inhibition (85.02% and 88.23%), highest flowering percentage (46.47% and 46.43%) and an enhanced yield of 22.73 q/acre and 23.40 q/acre were reported in case of T3 (bioformulation) treatment in both years. Similarly, in the second set of experiment, T4 (bioformulation) treatment showed maximum corm germination (89.53% and 88.63%), maximum disease inhibition (82.09% and 83.31%), highest flowering per centage (47.87% and 47.13%) and an enhanced yield of 22.84 q/acre and 23.10 q/acre as compared to all other treatments. The present study concluded that corm treatment with bioagent not only controlled the disease but also promoted plant development and hence increased the yield.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
T3 bioformulation gave maximum corm germination of 91.67% and 91.50% across two years.
- Treatment
- T3 (bioformulation) treatmente1
- Outcome
- corm germinatione0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 91.67% and 91.50%e0
GladiolusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum corm germination (91.67% and 91.50%)”
e1“T3 (bioformulation) treatment in both years”
t0“gladiolus”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 bioformulation gave maximum disease inhibition of 85.02% and 88.23%.
- Treatment
- T3 (bioformulation) treatmente1
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladiolie2pathogen - Outcome
- disease inhibitione0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 85.02% and 88.23%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum disease inhibition (85.02% and 88.23%)”
e1“T3 (bioformulation) treatment in both years”
t0“gladiolus”
e2“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 bioformulation gave highest flowering percentage of 46.47% and 46.43%.
- Treatment
- T3 (bioformulation) treatmente1
- Outcome
- flowering percentagee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 46.47% and 46.43%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest flowering percentage (46.47% and 46.43%)”
e1“T3 (bioformulation) treatment in both years”
t0“gladiolus”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 bioformulation enhanced yield to 22.73 and 23.40 q/acre.
- Treatment
- T3 (bioformulation) treatmente1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 22.73 q/acre and 23.40 q/acree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an enhanced yield of 22.73 q/acre and 23.40 q/acre”
e1“T3 (bioformulation) treatment in both years”
t0“gladiolus”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 bioformulation gave maximum corm germination of 89.53% and 88.63%.
- Treatment
- T4 (bioformulation) treatmente0
- Outcome
- corm germinatione0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 89.53% and 88.63%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T4 (bioformulation) treatment showed maximum corm germination (89.53% and 88.63%)”
t0“gladiolus”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 bioformulation gave maximum disease inhibition of 82.09% and 83.31%.
- Treatment
- T4 (bioformulation) treatmente1
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioliFusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladiolie2pathogen
- Outcome
- disease inhibitione0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 82.09% and 83.31%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum disease inhibition (82.09% and 83.31%)”
e1“T4 (bioformulation) treatment”
t0“gladiolus”
e2“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 bioformulation gave highest flowering percentage of 47.87% and 47.13%.
- Treatment
- T4 (bioformulation) treatmente1
- Outcome
- flowering per centagee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 47.87% and 47.13%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest flowering per centage (47.87% and 47.13%)”
e1“T4 (bioformulation) treatment”
t0“gladiolus”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 bioformulation enhanced yield to 22.84 and 23.10 q/acre versus other treatments.
- Treatment
- T4 (bioformulation) treatmente1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 22.84 q/acre and 23.10 q/acree0
- Comparator
- all other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an enhanced yield of 22.84 q/acre and 23.10 q/acre as compared to all other treatments”
e1“T4 (bioformulation) treatment”
t0“gladiolus”