Abstract
Abstract Purpose As an invasive plant, Parthenium hysterophorus severely impacts the ecological environment of the Yellow River Delta and reduces biodiversity in the invaded areas. The effects of P. hysterophorus invasion on the local environment became increasingly critical, while few information was available for the effects of P. hysterophorus invasion on soil bacteria. The present study aimed to reveal the impacts of hysterophorus on the fungal communities in the Yellow River Delta. Methods Sixteen soil samples including four groups (ROOT group, YRR group, YNR group, and GBS group) were collected. High-throughput methods were used to explore the fungal composition of the P. hysterophorus -invaded surrounding environment and native plant-growed environment. Results Our results showed that the ACE (351.97) and Chao1 (351.95) values of the rhizosphere soils of P. hysterophorus (YRR group) were the highest among the four groups, whereas the non-rhizosphere soil samples of P. hysterophorus (YNR group) had the highest Shannon (7.188) and Simpson (0.984) values. The total number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) obtained from the four groups was 1965, with 161 common OTUs among different groups. At the phylum level, both Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungi, with Ascomycota having the highest abundance. At the genus level, except for the endophytic fungi of P. hysterophorus roots (ROOT group), Fusarium , Mortierella , Comoclathris , and Cladosporium were the dominant fungi in three groups. The fungal communities within the roots of P. hysterophorus were distant from other groups, indicating that the composition of the fungal communities within the roots had a low degree of similarity to the other three groups. LEfSe analysis showed that Ascomycota at the phylum level and Cladosporium , Curvularia , and Alternaria at the genus level play essential roles in the ROOT group, and Comoclathris plays a vital role in the YNR group. Conclusions This study explored the effects of P. hysterophorus invasion on the local soil fungal communities by analyzing the fungal communities in P. hysterophorus roots , rhizosphere soil, non-rhizosphere soil, and rhizosphere soil of native plants. Generally, P. hysterophorus rhizosphere fungi specifically affect the surrounding environment.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
ACE richness (351.97) of rhizosphere soils of P. hysterophorus (YRR group) was the highest among the four groups.
- Taxon
- P. hysterophorus
Parthenium hysterophoruse0 - Organ / stage
- rhizosphere soilse0
- Outcome
- ACEe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 351.97e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results showed that the ACE (351.97) and Chao1 (351.95) values of the rhizosphere soils of P. hysterophorus (YRR group) were the highest among the four groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Chao1 richness (351.95) of rhizosphere soils of P. hysterophorus (YRR group) was the highest among the four groups.
- Taxon
- P. hysterophorusParthenium hysterophoruse0
- Organ / stage
- rhizosphere soilse0
- Outcome
- Chao1e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 351.95e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results showed that the ACE (351.97) and Chao1 (351.95) values of the rhizosphere soils of P. hysterophorus (YRR group) were the highest among the four groups”
Claim · model-written summary
The Shannon value (7.188) was highest in non-rhizosphere soil of P. hysterophorus (YNR group).
- Taxon
- P. hysterophorusParthenium hysterophoruse0
- Organ / stage
- non-rhizosphere soile0
- Outcome
- Shannone0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 7.188e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the non-rhizosphere soil samples of P. hysterophorus (YNR group) had the highest Shannon (7.188) and Simpson (0.984) values”
Claim · model-written summary
The Simpson value (0.984) was highest in non-rhizosphere soil of P. hysterophorus (YNR group).
- Taxon
- P. hysterophorusParthenium hysterophoruse0
- Organ / stage
- non-rhizosphere soile0
- Outcome
- Simpsone0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.984e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the non-rhizosphere soil samples of P. hysterophorus (YNR group) had the highest Shannon (7.188) and Simpson (0.984) values”
Claim · model-written summary
A total of 1965 fungal OTUs were obtained from the four groups.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The total number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) obtained from the four groups was 1965”
Claim · model-written summary
There were 161 OTUs common among the different groups.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“with 161 common OTUs among different groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phyla, with Ascomycota having the highest abundance.
- Taxon
- Ascomycota and BasidiomycotaAscomycotaBasidiomycotae0
- Outcome
- dominant fungie0
- Qualifier
- Ascomycota having the highest abundancee0
Verbatim
e0“both Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungi, with Ascomycota having the highest abundance”
Claim · model-written summary
At the genus level, Fusarium, Mortierella, Comoclathris and Cladosporium were the dominant fungi in three groups other than the ROOT group.
- Taxon
- Fusarium , Mortierella , Comoclathris , and Cladosporium
Mortierella
Cladosporium
FusariumComoclathrise0 - Outcome
- dominant fungie0
- Qualifier
- three groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium , Mortierella , Comoclathris , and Cladosporium were the dominant fungi in three groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal communities within P. hysterophorus roots were distant from the other groups, with low similarity in composition.
- Taxon
- P. hysterophorusParthenium hysterophoruse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- fungal communitiese0
- Direction
- distante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungal communities within the roots of P. hysterophorus were distant from other groups”
Claim · model-written summary
LEfSe analysis indicated Ascomycota (phylum) and Cladosporium, Curvularia and Alternaria (genus) as important in the ROOT group.
- Taxon
- AscomycotaAscomycotae0
- Outcome
- essential roles in the ROOT groupe0
Verbatim
e0“Ascomycota at the phylum level and Cladosporium , Curvularia , and Alternaria at the genus level play essential roles in the ROOT group”
Claim · model-written summary
LEfSe analysis indicated Comoclathris as important in the YNR group.
- Taxon
- ComoclathrisComoclathrise0
- Outcome
- vital role in the YNR groupe0
Verbatim
e0“Comoclathris plays a vital role in the YNR group”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that P. hysterophorus rhizosphere fungi specifically affect the surrounding environment.
- Taxon
- P. hysterophorusParthenium hysterophoruse0
- Outcome
- rhizosphere fungi specifically affect the surrounding environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. hysterophorus rhizosphere fungi specifically affect the surrounding environment”