Abstract
Black pod disease (BPD) is a severe biotic disorder affecting cacao trees in tropical regions generating an estimated global production reduction of approximately 20 to 30%. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between two artificial inoculation methods for Phytophthora palmivora and their potential association with natural infection in cacao clones. Incidence (%) and severity in detached pods (average lesion diameter) and leaf discs (disease severity index) were evaluated. The inoculation in pods at 6 DAI (Days After Inoculation) indicated the highest lesion diameter values for clone CCN51 (9.83 cm); hence, it was categorized as the most susceptible. Conversely, clones IMC67 (5.30 cm) and PA46 (5.27 cm), with the lowest lesion diameter values, were classified as moderately susceptible. Similar outcomes were observed in the leaf disc infection test, corroborating the susceptibility categorization of all six clones at 10 DAI. The leaf disc infection method showed a significantly positive correlation with the detached pod infection method, highlighting the feasibility of employing leaf inoculation to classify clones based on their susceptibility to BPD. Significant differences in aggressiveness were established between the isolates from different Colombian cacao regions. These findings were consistently reflected in the field, where the CCN51 clone exhibited the highest susceptibility compared to TSH565 and ICS95. This research proposes using the leaf technique to assess the aggressivity of Phytophthora palmivora isolates in cacao trees in Colombia.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
CCN51 had the highest detached-pod lesion diameter at 6 days and was classified most susceptible.
- Taxon
- cacao
Theobroma cacaot0 - Material
- CCN51e0
- Organ / stage
- podse0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora palmivora
.jpg?width=60)
Phytophthora palmivorae1pathogen - Outcome
- lesion diametere0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 9.83 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The inoculation in pods at 6 DAI (Days After Inoculation) indicated the highest lesion diameter values for clone CCN51 (9.83 cm); hence, it was categorized as the most susceptible”
t0“cacao genotypes”
e1“two artificial inoculation methods for Phytophthora palmivora and their potential association”
Claim · model-written summary
IMC67 had a low detached-pod lesion diameter and was moderately susceptible.
- Taxon
- cacaoTheobroma cacaot0
- Material
- IMC67e0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora palmivoraPhytophthora palmivorae1pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion diameter valuese0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 5.30 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“clones IMC67 (5.30 cm) and PA46 (5.27 cm), with the lowest lesion diameter values, were classified as moderately susceptible”
t0“cacao genotypes”
e1“two artificial inoculation methods for Phytophthora palmivora and their potential association”
Claim · model-written summary
PA46 had a low detached-pod lesion diameter and was moderately susceptible.
- Taxon
- cacaoTheobroma cacaot0
- Material
- PA46e0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora palmivoraPhytophthora palmivorae1pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion diameter valuese0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 5.27 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“clones IMC67 (5.30 cm) and PA46 (5.27 cm), with the lowest lesion diameter values, were classified as moderately susceptible”
t0“cacao genotypes”
e1“two artificial inoculation methods for Phytophthora palmivora and their potential association”
Claim · model-written summary
The leaf-disc test corroborated susceptibility categories of all six clones at 10 days after inoculation.
- Taxon
- cacaoTheobroma cacaot0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora palmivoraPhytophthora palmivorae1pathogen
- Outcome
- susceptibility categorization of all six clonese0
- Comparator
- Similar outcomese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar outcomes were observed in the leaf disc infection test, corroborating the susceptibility categorization of all six clones at 10 DAI”
t0“cacao genotypes”
e1“two artificial inoculation methods for Phytophthora palmivora and their potential association”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf-disc and detached-pod infection methods were significantly positively correlated.
- Taxon
- cacaoTheobroma cacaot0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora palmivoraPhytophthora palmivorae1pathogen
- Outcome
- positive correlatione0
- Comparator
- detached pod infection methode0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf disc infection method showed a significantly positive correlation with the detached pod infection method”
t0“cacao genotypes”
e1“two artificial inoculation methods for Phytophthora palmivora and their potential association”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytophthora isolates from different Colombian cacao regions differed significantly in aggressiveness.
- Taxon
- cacaoTheobroma cacaot0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora palmivoraPhytophthora palmivorae1pathogen
- Outcome
- aggressivenesse0
- Direction
- differencese0
- Setting
- Colombian cacao regionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant differences in aggressiveness were established between the isolates from different Colombian cacao regions”
t0“cacao genotypes”
e1“two artificial inoculation methods for Phytophthora palmivora and their potential association”
Claim · model-written summary
CCN51 showed the highest field susceptibility compared with TSH565 and ICS95.
- Taxon
- cacaoTheobroma cacaot0
- Material
- CCN51e0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora palmivoraPhytophthora palmivorae1pathogen
- Outcome
- susceptibilitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- TSH565 and ICS95e0
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the field, where the CCN51 clone exhibited the highest susceptibility compared to TSH565 and ICS95”
t0“cacao genotypes”
e1“two artificial inoculation methods for Phytophthora palmivora and their potential association”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose leaf inoculation to assess Phytophthora palmivora isolate aggressiveness in cacao.
- Taxon
- cacaoTheobroma cacaoe0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora palmivoraPhytophthora palmivorae0pathogen
- Outcome
- using the leaf technique to assess the aggressivitye0
- Setting
- Colombiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This research proposes using the leaf technique to assess the aggressivity of Phytophthora palmivora isolates in cacao trees in Colombia”