Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is required by the plants in large quantities and obtaining higher yield without its application is a challenging task. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) is grown on a wide range of soils in Pakistan, and average yield is lower than most of the millet producing countries in the world. Growth, development, and nutrient accumulation can be improved by bacteria inoculation combined with inorganic fertilizers. This two-year study inferred the effect of different nitrogen (N) sources [urea, calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), nitrophos and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)] combined with seed inoculation with endobacteria (EB) and rhizobacteria (RB) or no seed inoculation on growth, yield, profitability, and grain quality of pearl millet. The CAN + seed inoculation with RB significantly increased grain (115.7% and 116.4% during 1st and 2nd year) and biological yield (45.5% and 22.6%), and economic returns (234% and 128%). Likewise, N supply through urea increased grain N, protein, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) contents. In the same way, AN + seed inoculation with RB significantly improved soil microbial population. In conclusion, N supply through CAN + seed inoculation with RB could be used to improve the productivity, and net economic returns of pearl millet.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
CAN plus RB inoculation increased grain yield by 115.7% in year one.
- Taxon
- pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.)
Cenchrus americanust0 - Treatment
- CAN + seed inoculation with RBe0
- Interactor
- RBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 115.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CAN + seed inoculation with RB significantly increased grain (115.7% and 116.4% during 1st and 2nd year)”
e1“The CAN + seed inoculation with RB significantly increased grain (115.7% and 116.4% during 1st and 2nd year)”
t0“pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CAN plus RB inoculation increased grain yield by 116.4% in year two.
- Taxon
- pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.)Cenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- CAN + seed inoculation with RBe0
- Interactor
- RBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 116.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CAN + seed inoculation with RB significantly increased grain (115.7% and 116.4% during 1st and 2nd year)”
e1“The CAN + seed inoculation with RB significantly increased grain (115.7% and 116.4% during 1st and 2nd year)”
t0“pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CAN plus RB inoculation increased biological yield by 45.5% in year one.
- Taxon
- pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.)Cenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- CAN + seed inoculation with RBe1
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Value
- 45.5%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biological yield (45.5% and 22.6%)”
e1“The CAN + seed inoculation with RB significantly increased grain (115.7% and 116.4% during 1st and 2nd year)”
t0“pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CAN plus RB inoculation increased biological yield by 22.6% in year two.
- Taxon
- pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.)Cenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- CAN + seed inoculation with RBe1
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Value
- 22.6%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biological yield (45.5% and 22.6%)”
e1“The CAN + seed inoculation with RB significantly increased grain (115.7% and 116.4% during 1st and 2nd year)”
t0“pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CAN plus RB inoculation raised economic returns by 234% in year one.
- Taxon
- pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.)Cenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- CAN + seed inoculation with RBe1
- Outcome
- economic returnse0
- Value
- 234%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“economic returns (234% and 128%)”
e1“The CAN + seed inoculation with RB significantly increased grain (115.7% and 116.4% during 1st and 2nd year)”
t0“pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CAN plus RB inoculation raised economic returns by 128% in year two.
- Taxon
- pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.)Cenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- CAN + seed inoculation with RBe1
- Outcome
- economic returnse0
- Value
- 128%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“economic returns (234% and 128%)”
e1“The CAN + seed inoculation with RB significantly increased grain (115.7% and 116.4% during 1st and 2nd year)”
t0“pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea increased grain nitrogen, protein and iron content.
- Taxon
- pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.)Cenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- ureae0
- Outcome
- grain N, protein, iron (Fe)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N supply through urea increased grain N, protein, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) contents”
e1“The CAN + seed inoculation with RB significantly increased grain (115.7% and 116.4% during 1st and 2nd year)”
t0“pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea increased grain zinc content.
- Taxon
- pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.)Cenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- ureae0
- Outcome
- zinc (Zn) contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N supply through urea increased grain N, protein, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) contents”
e1“The CAN + seed inoculation with RB significantly increased grain (115.7% and 116.4% during 1st and 2nd year)”
t0“pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AN plus RB inoculation improved soil microbial population.
- Taxon
- pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.)Cenchrus americanust0
- Treatment
- AN + seed inoculation with RBe0
- Interactor
- RBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- soil microbial populatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AN + seed inoculation with RB significantly improved soil microbial population”
e1“The CAN + seed inoculation with RB significantly increased grain (115.7% and 116.4% during 1st and 2nd year)”
t0“pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.)”
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