Abstract
The present study has been carried out to determine the effects of four different illuminators with red, far-red, blue, and white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the growth, morphology, pigment composition, and chlorophyll fluorescence of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) of the ‘Zhirnolistny’ cultivar. We investigated these variants in two photon flux densities, 400–800 nm (PFD) 120 µmol m−2 s−1 and 180 µmol m−2 s−1. The studies were carried out in a climate chamber. Plant measurements were carried out on the 30th and 45th days of cultivation. The results showed that during the period of active growth, on the 30th day, spinach plants accumulated 2.6 and 2.4 times more fresh weight in the variant with a higher PFD (180 µmol m−2 s−1). At the end of the growing season, only a decrease in PFD had an effect on the fresh and dry weight of plants. The highest concentration of chlorophyll on both the 30th and 45th days of vegetation was found when spinach plants were grown under red-blue (RB) LEDs in a spectrum proportion of R70:B30. It was found that the variants had a higher proportion of green radiation in the spectrum of illuminators with PFD 180 µmol m−2 s−1, and the nitrate content in spinach was slightly lower than in other variants.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
On day 30, spinach in the higher-PFD variant (180) accumulated 2.6 times more fresh weight.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceae1 - Material
- Zhirnolistnye2
- Treatment
- a higher PFDe1
- Outcome
- fresh weighte1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- 2.6e1
- Qualifier
- on the 30th daye1
- Setting
- climate chambere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“on the 30th day, spinach plants accumulated 2.6 and 2.4 times more fresh weight in the variant with a higher PFD”
e2“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) of the ‘Zhirnolistny’ cultivar”
e3“The studies were carried out in a climate chamber”
Claim · model-written summary
On day 30, spinach in another higher-PFD variant accumulated 2.4 times more fresh weight.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Material
- Zhirnolistnye2
- Treatment
- a higher PFDe1
- Outcome
- fresh weighte1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- 2.4e1
- Qualifier
- on the 30th daye1
- Setting
- climate chambere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“on the 30th day, spinach plants accumulated 2.6 and 2.4 times more fresh weight in the variant with a higher PFD”
e2“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) of the ‘Zhirnolistny’ cultivar”
e3“The studies were carried out in a climate chamber”
Claim · model-written summary
At the end of the season only a decrease in PFD affected fresh and dry weight of spinach plants; the direction was not stated.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae2
- Material
- Zhirnolistnye2
- Treatment
- a decrease in PFDe4
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weighte4
- Setting
- climate chambere3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) of the ‘Zhirnolistny’ cultivar”
e3“The studies were carried out in a climate chamber”
e4“At the end of the growing season, only a decrease in PFD had an effect on the fresh and dry weight of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest chlorophyll concentration on days 30 and 45 was found in spinach grown under red-blue (RB) LEDs at R70:B30.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae5
- Treatment
- red-blue (RB) LEDs in a spectrum proportion of R70:B30e5
- Outcome
- concentration of chlorophylle5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Qualifier
- on both the 30th and 45th days of vegetatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The highest concentration of chlorophyll on both the 30th and 45th days of vegetation was found when spinach plants were grown under red-blue (RB) LEDs in a spectrum proportion of R70:B30”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate content in spinach was slightly lower in the PFD 180 variants than in other variants.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae6
- Outcome
- nitrate contente6
- Direction
- lowere6
- Qualifier
- slightlye6
- Comparator
- other variantse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“the nitrate content in spinach was slightly lower than in other variants”