By organism › Green plants › Amaranthaceae › Spinacia oleracea

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar application of V-AQ extract enhanced spinach growth, relative water content and mineral accumulation.

Taxon: spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
Treatment: Foliar application of V-AQ extracte0
Outcome: growth, relative water content, and mineral accumulatione0
Direction: enhancede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Foliar application of V-AQ extract enhanced spinach growth, relative water content, and mineral accumulation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 956–1064

Title

Optimisation of the performance of a citrus extract for biofunctionalization of spinach

Maria Gomez-Molina; Carmen Arnaldos-Torres; Raúl Benages-Vilau; et al. Applied Food Research 2026. doi:10.1016/j.afres.2026.102095

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar application of V-AQ extract increased expression of the aquaporin gene PIP2;1 in spinach.

Taxon: spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
Treatment: Foliar application of V-AQ extracte0
Gene: PIP2;1e0
Outcome: aquaporin gene expressione0
Direction: increasinge0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Foliar application of V-AQ extract enhanced spinach growth, relative water content, and mineral accumulation, while increasing aquaporin gene expression ( PIP2;1 )”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 956–1119

Title

Optimisation of the performance of a citrus extract for biofunctionalization of spinach

Maria Gomez-Molina; Carmen Arnaldos-Torres; Raúl Benages-Vilau; et al. Applied Food Research 2026. doi:10.1016/j.afres.2026.102095

Other claims from this paper (4)

Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Upregulation of PIP2;1 in spinach leaves was related to high relative water content.

Taxon: spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
Organ / stage: leavese0
Gene: PIP2;1e0
Outcome: RWCe0
Direction: higherinferrede0

Verbatim

e0
“Upregulation of PIP2;1 in spinach leaves was related to high RWC”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 212–276

Title

Optimisation of the performance of a citrus extract for biofunctionalization of spinach

Maria Gomez-Molina; Carmen Arnaldos-Torres; Raúl Benages-Vilau; et al. Applied Food Research 2026. doi:10.1016/j.afres.2026.102095

Other claims from this paper (4)

Observation The vacuum-dried ultrasound-assisted aqueous lemon peel extract (V-AQ) was stable and had high levels of Fe, Zn, Mn, Ca and bioactive compounds.
Intervention effect Foliar application of V-AQ extract enhanced spinach growth, relative water content and mineral accumulation.
Intervention effect Foliar application of V-AQ extract increased expression of the aquaporin gene PIP2;1 in spinach.
Intervention effect Zn-primed extract did not induce strong physiological effects in spinach.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Zn-primed extract did not induce strong physiological effects in spinach.

Taxon: spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
Treatment: Zn-primed extracte0
Outcome: strong physiological effectse0
Direction: did not inducee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Zn-primed extract did not induce into strong physiological effects”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1121–1187

t0
“spinach”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 80–87

Title

Optimisation of the performance of a citrus extract for biofunctionalization of spinach

Maria Gomez-Molina; Carmen Arnaldos-Torres; Raúl Benages-Vilau; et al. Applied Food Research 2026. doi:10.1016/j.afres.2026.102095

Other claims from this paper (4)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Molecular identification with ITS-rDNA, beta-tubulin and CoxII sequences confirmed Pythium aphanidermatum as the root rot pathogen of spinach.

Taxon: spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
Interactor: Pythium aphanidermatumPythium aphanidermatume0pathogen
Outcome: root rot pathogene0

Verbatim

t0
“Pythium aphanidermatum causing root rot of spinach”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 26–76

e0
“Molecular identification using ITS-rDNA, β-tubulin, and CoxII sequence analysis confirmed Pythium aphanidermatum as the root rot pathogen”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 283–420

Title

Genetic identification of Pythium aphanidermatum causing root rot of spinach and its management using synthetic fungicides and citrus peel extracts

Fukiha Kanwal; Muhammad Atiq; Muhammad Hamza Furqan; et al. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 2026. doi:10.1080/03235408.2026.2679751

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect In planta, the fungicide Agrosporter was among the most effective fungicides against the spinach root rot pathogen.
Intervention effect In planta, the fungicide Argyl Super was among the most effective fungicides against the spinach root rot pathogen.
Intervention effect Lemon peel extract significantly inhibited growth of the pathogen.
Intervention effect Mosambi peel extract significantly inhibited growth of the pathogen.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In planta, the fungicide Agrosporter was among the most effective fungicides against the spinach root rot pathogen.

Taxon: spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
Treatment: Agrosportere0
Interactor: Pythium aphanidermatumPythium aphanidermatumt0pathogen
Outcome: most effectivee0
Direction: most effectivee0
Comparator: fungicidese0
Setting: In plantae0

Verbatim

t0
“Pythium aphanidermatum causing root rot of spinach”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 26–76

e0
“In planta, Agrosporter and Argyl Super were most effective among fungicides”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 916–991

Title

Genetic identification of Pythium aphanidermatum causing root rot of spinach and its management using synthetic fungicides and citrus peel extracts

Fukiha Kanwal; Muhammad Atiq; Muhammad Hamza Furqan; et al. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 2026. doi:10.1080/03235408.2026.2679751

Other claims from this paper (4)

Observation Molecular identification with ITS-rDNA, beta-tubulin and CoxII sequences confirmed Pythium aphanidermatum as the root rot pathogen of spinach.
Intervention effect In planta, the fungicide Argyl Super was among the most effective fungicides against the spinach root rot pathogen.
Intervention effect Lemon peel extract significantly inhibited growth of the pathogen.
Intervention effect Mosambi peel extract significantly inhibited growth of the pathogen.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In planta, the fungicide Argyl Super was among the most effective fungicides against the spinach root rot pathogen.

Taxon: spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
Treatment: Argyl Supere0
Interactor: Pythium aphanidermatumPythium aphanidermatumt0pathogen
Outcome: most effectivee0
Direction: most effectivee0
Comparator: fungicidese0
Setting: In plantae0

Verbatim

t0
“Pythium aphanidermatum causing root rot of spinach”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 26–76

e0
“In planta, Agrosporter and Argyl Super were most effective among fungicides”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 916–991

Title

Genetic identification of Pythium aphanidermatum causing root rot of spinach and its management using synthetic fungicides and citrus peel extracts

Fukiha Kanwal; Muhammad Atiq; Muhammad Hamza Furqan; et al. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 2026. doi:10.1080/03235408.2026.2679751

Other claims from this paper (4)

Observation Molecular identification with ITS-rDNA, beta-tubulin and CoxII sequences confirmed Pythium aphanidermatum as the root rot pathogen of spinach.
Intervention effect In planta, the fungicide Agrosporter was among the most effective fungicides against the spinach root rot pathogen.
Intervention effect Lemon peel extract significantly inhibited growth of the pathogen.
Intervention effect Mosambi peel extract significantly inhibited growth of the pathogen.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Lemon peel extract significantly inhibited growth of the pathogen.

Taxon: spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
Treatment: Lemone0
Interactor: Pythium aphanidermatumPythium aphanidermatumt0pathogen
Outcome: pathogen growthe0
Direction: inhibitede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Pythium aphanidermatum causing root rot of spinach”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 26–76

e0
“Lemon and Mosambi peels significantly inhibited pathogen growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 999–1062

Title

Genetic identification of Pythium aphanidermatum causing root rot of spinach and its management using synthetic fungicides and citrus peel extracts

Fukiha Kanwal; Muhammad Atiq; Muhammad Hamza Furqan; et al. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 2026. doi:10.1080/03235408.2026.2679751

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Mosambi peel extract significantly inhibited growth of the pathogen.

Taxon: spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
Treatment: Mosambi peelse0
Interactor: Pythium aphanidermatumPythium aphanidermatumt0pathogen
Outcome: pathogen growthe0
Direction: inhibitede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Pythium aphanidermatum causing root rot of spinach”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 26–76

e0
“Lemon and Mosambi peels significantly inhibited pathogen growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 999–1062

Title

Genetic identification of Pythium aphanidermatum causing root rot of spinach and its management using synthetic fungicides and citrus peel extracts

Fukiha Kanwal; Muhammad Atiq; Muhammad Hamza Furqan; et al. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 2026. doi:10.1080/03235408.2026.2679751

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

C+B improved the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus in spinach under sub-optimal fertilization.

Taxon: spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
Treatment: C+Be1
Outcome: efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatuse1
Direction: improvede1
Qualifier: under sub-optimal fertilization conditionse1
Setting: growth chambere2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“The efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus under sub-optimal fertilization conditions improved thanks to the combination of C+B in spinach, while the addition of compost alone led to excessive nitrate accumulation in the leaves”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1431–1662

e2
“two growth chamber experiments were set up”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 699–741

Title

Compost and biochar synergy enhances photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant responses in leafy vegetables under sub-optimal nutrient supply

Giovanna Marta Fusco; Emanuela Campana; Michele Ciriello; et al. Plant Stress 2026. doi:10.1016/j.stress.2026.101244

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Compost alone led to excessive nitrate accumulation in spinach leaves.
Intervention effect Half-rate fertilization with C+B doubled phenols in spinach.
Intervention effect The C+B mixture increased total chlorophyll concentration in spinach.
Intervention effect The C+B mixture increased total chlorophyll concentration in wild rocket.
Intervention effect The C+B mixture promoted synthesis of amino acids involved in osmotic regulation and nitrogen recycling in spinach.
Intervention effect The C+B mixture promoted synthesis of amino acids involved in osmotic regulation and nitrogen recycling in wild rocket.
Intervention effect C+B under sub-optimal fertilization improved the balance of nitrogen and carbon metabolism in leafy vegetables.
Intervention effect Application of compost and C+B improved total antioxidant activity in leafy vegetables.
Observation The variation in response was smaller in wild rocket than in spinach.

Spinacia oleracea 23,521 claims

23,521 claims