Abstract
Environmental crises, land degradation, declining factor productivity, and farm profitability questioned the sustainability of linear economy-based existing agricultural production systems. Hence, there is a dire need to design and develop circular economy-based production systems to meet the twin objectives of environmental sustainability and food security. Therefore, the productive capacity, natural resource conserving ability, and biomass recycling potential of four intensified maize-based systems viz. Maize (Zea mays) + sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)-wheat, maize + colocasia (Colocasia esculenta)-wheat, maize + turmeric (Curcuma longa), and maize + ginger (Zingiber officinale) were tested consecutively for three years (2020, 2021 and 22) in a fixed plot manner at Dehradun, Indian Himalayan region against the existing sole maize-wheat systems. The result showed that the maize + sweet potato-wheat system significantly reduced runoff loss (166.3 mm) over the sole maize-wheat system. The highest through fall (68.12 %) and the lowest stem flow (23.54 %) were recorded with sole maize. On the contrary, the maize + sweet potato system has the highest stem flow (36.15 %) and the lowest through fall. Similarly, the maize + sweet potato system had 5.6 times lesser soil erosion and 0.77 t ha−1 higher maize productivity over the sole maize-wheat system. Furthermore, the maize + sweet potato system recorded significantly higher soil moisture (19.3%), infiltration rate (0.95 cm h−1), and organic carbon (0.78%) over the rest of the systems. The maize + sweet potato system also recycled the highest nitrogen (299.2 kg ha−1), phosphorus, (31.0 kg ha−1), and potassium (276.2 kg ha−1) into the soil system. Hence, it can be inferred that concurrent cultivation of sweet potato, with maize, is a soil-supportive, resource-conserving, and productive production model and can be recommended for achieving the circular economy targets in the Indian Himalayas.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
The maize and sweet potato–wheat system reduced runoff loss relative to sole maize–wheat.
- Treatment
- maize + sweet potato-wheat systeme0
- Outcome
- runoff losse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 166.3 mme0
- Comparator
- sole maize-wheat systeme0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The result showed that the maize + sweet potato-wheat system significantly reduced runoff loss (166.3 mm) over the sole maize-wheat system.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole maize had the highest through fall.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest through fall (68.12 %) and the lowest stem flow (23.54 %) were recorded with sole maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole maize had the lowest stem flow.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest through fall (68.12 %) and the lowest stem flow (23.54 %) were recorded with sole maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
The maize and sweet potato system had the highest stem flow.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the contrary, the maize + sweet potato system has the highest stem flow (36.15 %) and the lowest through fall.”
Claim · model-written summary
The maize and sweet potato system had the lowest through fall.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the contrary, the maize + sweet potato system has the highest stem flow (36.15 %) and the lowest through fall.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize with sweet potato had 5.6 times less soil erosion than sole maize–wheat.
- Treatment
- maize + sweet potato systeme0
- Outcome
- soil erosione0
- Direction
- lessere0
- Value
- 5.6 timese0
- Comparator
- sole maize-wheat systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, the maize + sweet potato system had 5.6 times lesser soil erosion and 0.77 t ha−1 higher maize productivity over the sole maize-wheat system.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize with sweet potato had 0.77 t ha−1 higher maize productivity than sole maize–wheat.
- Treatment
- maize + sweet potato systeme0
- Outcome
- maize productivitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.77 t ha−1e0
- Comparator
- sole maize-wheat systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, the maize + sweet potato system had 5.6 times lesser soil erosion and 0.77 t ha−1 higher maize productivity over the sole maize-wheat system.”
Claim · model-written summary
The maize and sweet potato system had higher soil moisture than the other systems.
- Treatment
- maize + sweet potato systeme0
- Outcome
- soil moisturee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 19.3%e0
- Comparator
- the rest of the systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, the maize + sweet potato system recorded significantly higher soil moisture (19.3%), infiltration rate (0.95 cm h−1), and organic carbon (0.78%) over the rest of the systems.”
Claim · model-written summary
The maize and sweet potato system had higher infiltration rate than the other systems.
- Treatment
- maize + sweet potato systeme0
- Outcome
- infiltration ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.95 cm h−1e0
- Comparator
- the rest of the systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, the maize + sweet potato system recorded significantly higher soil moisture (19.3%), infiltration rate (0.95 cm h−1), and organic carbon (0.78%) over the rest of the systems.”
Claim · model-written summary
The maize and sweet potato system had higher organic carbon than the other systems.
- Treatment
- maize + sweet potato systeme0
- Outcome
- organic carbone0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.78%e0
- Comparator
- the rest of the systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, the maize + sweet potato system recorded significantly higher soil moisture (19.3%), infiltration rate (0.95 cm h−1), and organic carbon (0.78%) over the rest of the systems.”
Claim · model-written summary
The maize and sweet potato system recycled the highest nitrogen into soil.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maize + sweet potato system also recycled the highest nitrogen (299.2 kg ha−1), phosphorus, (31.0 kg ha−1), and potassium (276.2 kg ha−1) into the soil system.”
Claim · model-written summary
The maize and sweet potato system recycled the highest phosphorus into soil.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maize + sweet potato system also recycled the highest nitrogen (299.2 kg ha−1), phosphorus, (31.0 kg ha−1), and potassium (276.2 kg ha−1) into the soil system.”
Claim · model-written summary
The maize and sweet potato system recycled the highest potassium into soil.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maize + sweet potato system also recycled the highest nitrogen (299.2 kg ha−1), phosphorus, (31.0 kg ha−1), and potassium (276.2 kg ha−1) into the soil system.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend cultivating sweet potato with maize for circular economy targets in the Indian Himalayas.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hence, it can be inferred that concurrent cultivation of sweet potato, with maize, is a soil-supportive, resource-conserving, and productive production model and can be recommended for achieving the circular economy targets in the Indian Himalayas.”
The same questions in other papers
Ipomoea batatas · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.