Abstract
Studies on vitamin B12’s influence on the flowering and yield parameters of red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) are not well documented. A greenhouse experiment investigated the effect of the solo and combined application of vitamin B12 with humic acid and enriched biochar on the morphology, nitrogen status, and biomass yield of the shoots and roots of red clovers. Two levels of vitamin B12 (0, 20 mg pot−1) mixed with four growing media were laid out as a randomized complete block design. The results indicated that vitamin B12 markedly led to (A) a decrease in the flowering time by 5 days (100.2 to 95.9 days), while the co-application of B12 and humic acid resulted in further reduction (84.5 days); (B) an increased total number of stems (73.0 to 78.6 plant−1); (C) a boost in the root dry weight by 60% (3.8 to 6.4 g) while having no significant influence on the shoot dry weight; (D) a decrease in the leaf trichome density by 30% (49.0 to 35.0 plant−1); (E) a rise in the N content of the roots (107.8 to 173.3 mg plant−1), while having no influence on shoot N content. biochar’s influence on the phenology and productivity of red clovers was minimal. The results highlighted the importance of the application of manure, which is naturally rich in vitamin B12 and humic acid, to forage crops, including red clover.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Vitamin B12 decreased red clover flowering time by 5 days (100.2 to 95.9 days)
- Taxon
- red clover
Trifolium pratensee0 - Treatment
- vitamin B12e1
- Outcome
- flowering timee1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 5 dayse1
- Comparator
- 0e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the flowering and yield parameters of red clover (Trifolium pretense L.)”
e1“vitamin B12 markedly led to (A) a decrease in the flowering time by 5 days (100.2 to 95.9 days)”
e7“Two levels of vitamin B12 (0, 20 mg pot−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-application of vitamin B12 and humic acid further reduced flowering time to 84.5 days
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- co-application of B12 and humic acide2
- Outcome
- flowering timee1
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 84.5 dayse2
- Comparator
- vitamin B12e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the flowering and yield parameters of red clover (Trifolium pretense L.)”
e1“vitamin B12 markedly led to (A) a decrease in the flowering time by 5 days (100.2 to 95.9 days)”
e2“the co-application of B12 and humic acid resulted in further reduction (84.5 days)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vitamin B12 increased the total number of red clover stems from 73.0 to 78.6 per plant
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- vitamin B12e1
- Outcome
- total number of stemse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 73.0 to 78.6 plant−1e3
- Comparator
- 0e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the flowering and yield parameters of red clover (Trifolium pretense L.)”
e1“vitamin B12 markedly led to (A) a decrease in the flowering time by 5 days (100.2 to 95.9 days)”
e3“(B) an increased total number of stems (73.0 to 78.6 plant−1)”
e7“Two levels of vitamin B12 (0, 20 mg pot−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vitamin B12 boosted red clover root dry weight by 60% (3.8 to 6.4 g)
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- vitamin B12e1
- Outcome
- root dry weighte4
- Direction
- booste4
- Value
- 60%e4
- Qualifier
- 3.8 to 6.4 ge4
- Comparator
- 0e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the flowering and yield parameters of red clover (Trifolium pretense L.)”
e1“vitamin B12 markedly led to (A) a decrease in the flowering time by 5 days (100.2 to 95.9 days)”
e4“a boost in the root dry weight by 60% (3.8 to 6.4 g) while having no significant influence on the shoot dry weight”
e7“Two levels of vitamin B12 (0, 20 mg pot−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vitamin B12 had no significant influence on red clover shoot dry weight
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- vitamin B12e1
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte4
- Direction
- no significant influencee4
- Comparator
- 0e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the flowering and yield parameters of red clover (Trifolium pretense L.)”
e1“vitamin B12 markedly led to (A) a decrease in the flowering time by 5 days (100.2 to 95.9 days)”
e4“a boost in the root dry weight by 60% (3.8 to 6.4 g) while having no significant influence on the shoot dry weight”
e7“Two levels of vitamin B12 (0, 20 mg pot−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vitamin B12 decreased leaf trichome density of red clover by 30% (49.0 to 35.0 plant−1)
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- vitamin B12e1
- Outcome
- leaf trichome densitye5
- Direction
- decreasee5
- Value
- 30%e5
- Qualifier
- 49.0 to 35.0 plant−1e5
- Comparator
- 0e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the flowering and yield parameters of red clover (Trifolium pretense L.)”
e1“vitamin B12 markedly led to (A) a decrease in the flowering time by 5 days (100.2 to 95.9 days)”
e5“(D) a decrease in the leaf trichome density by 30% (49.0 to 35.0 plant−1)”
e7“Two levels of vitamin B12 (0, 20 mg pot−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vitamin B12 raised N content of red clover roots (107.8 to 173.3 mg plant−1)
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- vitamin B12e1
- Outcome
- N content of the rootse6
- Direction
- risee6
- Value
- 107.8 to 173.3 mg plant−1e6
- Comparator
- 0e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the flowering and yield parameters of red clover (Trifolium pretense L.)”
e1“vitamin B12 markedly led to (A) a decrease in the flowering time by 5 days (100.2 to 95.9 days)”
e6“a rise in the N content of the roots (107.8 to 173.3 mg plant−1), while having no influence on shoot N content”
e7“Two levels of vitamin B12 (0, 20 mg pot−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vitamin B12 had no influence on red clover shoot N content
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- vitamin B12e1
- Outcome
- shoot N contente6
- Direction
- no influencee6
- Comparator
- 0e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the flowering and yield parameters of red clover (Trifolium pretense L.)”
e1“vitamin B12 markedly led to (A) a decrease in the flowering time by 5 days (100.2 to 95.9 days)”
e6“a rise in the N content of the roots (107.8 to 173.3 mg plant−1), while having no influence on shoot N content”
e7“Two levels of vitamin B12 (0, 20 mg pot−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Enriched biochar had minimal influence on red clover phenology and productivity
- Taxon
- red cloversTrifolium pratensee7
- Treatment
- enriched biochart1
- Outcome
- phenology and productivitye7
- Qualifier
- minimale7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Enriched Biochar”
e7“influence on the phenology and productivity of red clovers was minimal”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure, naturally rich in vitamin B12 and humic acid, is important to apply to forage crops including red clover
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Outcome
- the application of manuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the importance of the application of manure, which is naturally rich in vitamin B12 and humic acid, to forage crops, including red clover”