Abstract
Abstract In order to evaluate the effect of different weed management treatments on weeds, pest and natural enemies populations in sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.), a 2-year study was conducted in East Azarbaijan, Iran in 2020–2021. The study was conducted based on randomized complete block design with four replications. The weed management treatments consisted of trifluralin use (960 g ai ha −1 ), wheat straw mulch (WSM), living mulches of fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) (FLM), bitter vetch ( Vicia ervilia L.) (VLM), calendula ( Calendula officinalis L.) (CLM) and one-time hand weeding (OHW). The effect of weed management treatment was significant on densities of insect pests, natural enemies and weed and also weed biomass and sesame seed yield. The lowest densities of insect pests including Myzus persicae , Brevicoryne brassicae, Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua were observed in CLM treatment. Also, the highest densities of natural enemies Coccinella septompunctata, Coccinella undecimpunctata and Orius niger were observed in CLM treatment. The highest reductions in grass (51.0%), broadleaf (72.0%), and total (62.6%) weed biomasses and highest seed yield (1456 kg ha −1 ) were obtained in OHW. The seed yields in CLM and WSM treatments were not significantly different with trifluralin treatment and could be recommended in sustainable production of sesame.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Weed management treatment significantly affected insect pest, natural enemy, and weed densities.
- Taxon
- sesame
Sesamum indicume0 - Treatment
- weed management treatmente1
- Outcome
- densities of insect pests, natural enemies and weede1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed management treatments on weeds, pest and natural enemies populations in sesame”
e1“The effect of weed management treatment was significant on densities of insect pests, natural enemies and weed and also weed biomass and sesame seed yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed management treatment significantly affected weed biomass and sesame seed yield.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicume0
- Treatment
- weed management treatmente1
- Outcome
- weed biomass and sesame seed yielde1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed management treatments on weeds, pest and natural enemies populations in sesame”
e1“The effect of weed management treatment was significant on densities of insect pests, natural enemies and weed and also weed biomass and sesame seed yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calendula living mulch had the lowest densities of four named insect pests.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicume0
- Treatment
- CLM treatmente2
- Outcome
- densities of insect pests including Myzus persicae , Brevicoryne brassicae, Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exiguae2
- Direction
- loweste2
- Qualifier
- calendula ( Calendula officinalis L.) (CLM)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.)”
e1“living mulches of fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) (FLM), bitter vetch ( Vicia ervilia L.) (VLM), calendula ( Calendula officinalis L.) (CLM)”
e2“The lowest densities of insect pests including Myzus persicae , Brevicoryne brassicae, Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua were observed in CLM treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calendula living mulch had the highest densities of three named natural enemies.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicume0
- Treatment
- CLM treatmente1
- Outcome
- densities of natural enemies Coccinella septompunctata, Coccinella undecimpunctata and Orius nigere1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.)”
e1“the highest densities of natural enemies Coccinella septompunctata, Coccinella undecimpunctata and Orius niger were observed in CLM treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
One-time hand weeding reduced grass weed biomass by 51.0%.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicume0
- Treatment
- one-time hand weedinge2
- Outcome
- grasse1
- Direction
- reductionse1
- Value
- 51.0%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.)”
e1“The highest reductions in grass (51.0%), broadleaf (72.0%), and total (62.6%) weed biomasses and highest seed yield (1456 kg ha −1 ) were obtained in OHW.”
e2“one-time hand weeding (OHW)”
Claim · model-written summary
One-time hand weeding reduced broadleaf weed biomass by 72.0%.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicume0
- Treatment
- one-time hand weedinge2
- Outcome
- broadleafe1
- Direction
- reductionse1
- Value
- 72.0%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.)”
e1“The highest reductions in grass (51.0%), broadleaf (72.0%), and total (62.6%) weed biomasses and highest seed yield (1456 kg ha −1 ) were obtained in OHW.”
e2“one-time hand weeding (OHW)”
Claim · model-written summary
One-time hand weeding reduced total weed biomass by 62.6%.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicume0
- Treatment
- one-time hand weedinge2
- Outcome
- totale1
- Direction
- reductionse1
- Value
- 62.6%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.)”
e1“The highest reductions in grass (51.0%), broadleaf (72.0%), and total (62.6%) weed biomasses and highest seed yield (1456 kg ha −1 ) were obtained in OHW.”
e2“one-time hand weeding (OHW)”
Claim · model-written summary
One-time hand weeding produced the highest sesame seed yield, 1456 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicume0
- Treatment
- one-time hand weedinge2
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 1456 kg ha −1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.)”
e1“highest seed yield (1456 kg ha −1 ) were obtained in OHW”
e2“one-time hand weeding (OHW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield under calendula living mulch did not differ significantly from trifluralin.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicume0
- Treatment
- CLMe1
- Outcome
- seed yieldse1
- Direction
- not significantly differente1
- Comparator
- trifluralin treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.)”
e1“The seed yields in CLM and WSM treatments were not significantly different with trifluralin treatment”
e2“calendula ( Calendula officinalis L.) (CLM)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield under wheat straw mulch did not differ significantly from trifluralin.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicume0
- Treatment
- WSMe1
- Outcome
- seed yieldse1
- Direction
- not significantly differente1
- Comparator
- trifluralin treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.)”
e1“The seed yields in CLM and WSM treatments were not significantly different with trifluralin treatment”
e2“wheat straw mulch (WSM)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend calendula living mulch for sustainable sesame production.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicume0
- Treatment
- CLMe1
- Outcome
- recommended in sustainable production of sesamee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.)”
e1“CLM and WSM treatments were not significantly different with trifluralin treatment and could be recommended in sustainable production of sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend wheat straw mulch for sustainable sesame production.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicume0
- Treatment
- WSMe1
- Outcome
- recommended in sustainable production of sesamee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.)”
e1“CLM and WSM treatments were not significantly different with trifluralin treatment and could be recommended in sustainable production of sesame”
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