Abstract
Abstract Studies about reproductive aspects of angiosperms rarely refer to herbaceous and anemophilous groups. Cyperaceae are cosmopolitan and diverse in terms of sexuality, inflorescence architecture, and pollination modes, such as anemophily, entomophily, and ambophily. Therefore, the evolution of reproductive traits can clarify some questions about the reproductive biology of angiosperms, especially regarding the transitions between biotic and abiotic pollination. This study was designed to investigate the evolution of reproductive traits in Cyperaceae through comparative phylogenetic methods, such as reconstruction of ancestral states and evolutionary correlation. If spicoids in Mapanioideae are indeed inflorescences, the bisexual flower in Cyperaceae would be derived, a rare case in angiosperms. In Cyperoideae, a decrease in the number of flowers and an increase in stamen loss events were observed. This result contradicts the hypothesized increase in reproductive structures in anemophilous species, in which a greater amount of pollen is produced to compensate for the waste generated by wind. Only one correlation was found: between the number of inflorescence branches and the number of reproductive units per inflorescence. Finally, the analyses showed the great diversity of reproductive biology in Cyperaceae and made evident the need to expand the theoretical studies to refine the discovery of correlated traits.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Under the spicoid-as-inflorescence interpretation, bisexual Cyperaceae flowers would be derived.
- Taxon
- CyperaceaeCyperaceaee0
- Outcome
- bisexual flower in Cyperaceae would be derivede0
- Qualifier
- If spicoids in Mapanioideae are indeed inflorescencese0
Verbatim
e0“If spicoids in Mapanioideae are indeed inflorescences, the bisexual flower in Cyperaceae would be derived”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyperoideae showed a decrease in flower number.
- Taxon
- CyperoideaeCyperoideaee0
- Outcome
- number of flowerse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Verbatim
e0“In Cyperoideae, a decrease in the number of flowers and an increase in stamen loss events were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyperoideae showed an increase in stamen loss events.
- Taxon
- CyperoideaeCyperoideaee0
- Outcome
- stamen loss eventse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Verbatim
e0“In Cyperoideae, a decrease in the number of flowers and an increase in stamen loss events were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Only inflorescence branch number and reproductive unit number per inflorescence were correlated.
- Taxon
- CyperaceaeCyperaceaet0
- Organ / stage
- inflorescence branchese0
- Outcome
- number of reproductive units per inflorescencee0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Only one correlation was found: between the number of inflorescence branches and the number of reproductive units per inflorescence”
t0“Cyperaceae”
Claim · model-written summary
The analysis found great diversity in Cyperaceae reproductive biology.
- Taxon
- CyperaceaeCyperaceaee0
- Outcome
- great diversity of reproductive biologye0
Verbatim
e0“the analyses showed the great diversity of reproductive biology in Cyperaceae”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors call for more theoretical studies to refine correlated trait discovery.
- Taxon
- CyperaceaeCyperaceaet0
- Outcome
- expand the theoretical studies to refine the discovery of correlated traitse0
Verbatim
e0“the need to expand the theoretical studies to refine the discovery of correlated traits”
t0“Cyperaceae”