Abstract
Abstract Cultivating crops often presents numerous challenges, including resource loss such as water, fertilizers, and pesticides, as well as the spread and escalation of infections. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions to enhance plant immunity and resolve agricultural issues. In this study, in order to prevent Fusarium -wilt disease in eggplants, we concentrated on the simple manufacture of colloidal ferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe 2 O 3 NPs) as a promising nanofertilizers. To evaluate the effectiveness of systemic resistance (SR) development, we evaluated markers of metabolic resistance, photosynthetic pigments, plant protection, and disease index (DI). Positively, Fe 2 O 3 NPs exhibit significant antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum . However, when applied at a concentration of 20 µg/mL, Fe 2 O 3 NPs proved to be the most effective treatment, reducing the percent disease index (PDI) from 82.5% in infected control plants to 22.5%. Similar results were observed with a concentration of 10 µg/mL Fe 2 O 3 NPs. In both healthy and diseaseed plants, Fe 2 O 3 NP treatments also showed beneficial effects on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, osmolytes, and photosynthetic pigments. Notably, compared to untreated Fusarium -infected plants, the application of Fe 2 O 3 NPs at a concentration of 20 µg/mL significantly increased the levels of osmolyte, comprising soluble sugar, proline, and soluble protein, by 32.88%, 47.09%, and 31.34%, respectively. Furthermore, in both healthy and diseased eggplants, Fe 2 O 3 NPs at a concentration of 20 µg/mL increased the levels of photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes. Overall, our research findings indicates that Fe 2 O 3 NPs can successfully decreased the harmful effects that F. oxysporum causes to infected eggplants. With their promising therapeutic potential, these nanoparticles provide a secure and effective substitute for chemical fungicides in the management of Fusarium wilt disease.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Fe2O3 nanoparticles showed significant antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum.
- Taxon
- Eggplant
Solanum melongenat0 - Treatment
- Fe 2 O 3 NPse2
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume2pathogen - Outcome
- antifungal activitye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Eggplant Immune Response Against Fusarium Wilt Disease”
e1“in order to prevent Fusarium -wilt disease in eggplants, we concentrated on the simple manufacture of colloidal ferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe 2 O 3 NPs) as a promising nanofertilizers”
e2“Positively, Fe 2 O 3 NPs exhibit significant antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe2O3 nanoparticles at 20 µg/mL reduced the percent disease index of Fusarium-infected eggplant compared with infected controls, to 22.5%.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Fe 2 O 3 NPse3
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporumFusarium oxysporume2pathogen
- Outcome
- percent disease index (PDI)e3
- Direction
- reducinge3
- Value
- 22.5%e3
- Qualifier
- when applied at a concentration of 20 µg/mLe3
- Comparator
- infected control plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Eggplant Immune Response Against Fusarium Wilt Disease”
e1“in order to prevent Fusarium -wilt disease in eggplants, we concentrated on the simple manufacture of colloidal ferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe 2 O 3 NPs) as a promising nanofertilizers”
e2“Positively, Fe 2 O 3 NPs exhibit significant antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum”
e3“However, when applied at a concentration of 20 µg/mL, Fe 2 O 3 NPs proved to be the most effective treatment, reducing the percent disease index (PDI) from 82.5% in infected control plants to 22.5%”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe2O3 nanoparticles at 10 µg/mL gave disease-index results similar to the 20 µg/mL treatment.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Fe 2 O 3 NPse4
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporumFusarium oxysporume2pathogen
- Outcome
- percent disease index (PDI)e3
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede3
- Comparator
- infected control plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Eggplant Immune Response Against Fusarium Wilt Disease”
e1“in order to prevent Fusarium -wilt disease in eggplants, we concentrated on the simple manufacture of colloidal ferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe 2 O 3 NPs) as a promising nanofertilizers”
e2“Positively, Fe 2 O 3 NPs exhibit significant antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum”
e3“However, when applied at a concentration of 20 µg/mL, Fe 2 O 3 NPs proved to be the most effective treatment, reducing the percent disease index (PDI) from 82.5% in infected control plants to 22.5%”
e4“Similar results were observed with a concentration of 10 µg/mL Fe 2 O 3 NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe2O3 NP treatments had beneficial effects on antioxidant enzyme activity in healthy and diseased eggplant.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Fe 2 O 3 NPe5
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymese5
- Direction
- increaseinferrede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Eggplant Immune Response Against Fusarium Wilt Disease”
e5“Fe 2 O 3 NP treatments also showed beneficial effects on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, osmolytes, and photosynthetic pigments”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe2O3 NPs at 20 µg/mL increased soluble sugar in Fusarium-infected eggplant by 32.88% relative to untreated infected plants.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Fe 2 O 3 NPs at a concentration of 20 µg/mLe6
- Outcome
- soluble sugare6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 32.88%e6
- Comparator
- untreated Fusarium -infected plantse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Eggplant Immune Response Against Fusarium Wilt Disease”
e6“compared to untreated Fusarium -infected plants, the application of Fe 2 O 3 NPs at a concentration of 20 µg/mL significantly increased the levels of osmolyte, comprising soluble sugar, proline, and soluble protein, by 32.88%, 47.09%, and 31.34%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe2O3 NPs at 20 µg/mL increased proline in Fusarium-infected eggplant by 47.09% relative to untreated infected plants.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Fe 2 O 3 NPs at a concentration of 20 µg/mLe6
- Outcome
- prolinee6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 47.09%e6
- Comparator
- untreated Fusarium -infected plantse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Eggplant Immune Response Against Fusarium Wilt Disease”
e6“compared to untreated Fusarium -infected plants, the application of Fe 2 O 3 NPs at a concentration of 20 µg/mL significantly increased the levels of osmolyte, comprising soluble sugar, proline, and soluble protein, by 32.88%, 47.09%, and 31.34%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe2O3 NPs at 20 µg/mL increased soluble protein in Fusarium-infected eggplant by 31.34% relative to untreated infected plants.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Fe 2 O 3 NPs at a concentration of 20 µg/mLe6
- Outcome
- soluble proteine6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 31.34%e6
- Comparator
- untreated Fusarium -infected plantse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Eggplant Immune Response Against Fusarium Wilt Disease”
e6“compared to untreated Fusarium -infected plants, the application of Fe 2 O 3 NPs at a concentration of 20 µg/mL significantly increased the levels of osmolyte, comprising soluble sugar, proline, and soluble protein, by 32.88%, 47.09%, and 31.34%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe2O3 NPs at 20 µg/mL increased photosynthetic pigments in healthy and diseased eggplant.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Fe 2 O 3 NPs at a concentration of 20 µg/mLe7
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigmentse7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Eggplant Immune Response Against Fusarium Wilt Disease”
e7“Fe 2 O 3 NPs at a concentration of 20 µg/mL increased the levels of photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe2O3 NPs at 20 µg/mL increased peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase in healthy and diseased eggplant.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Fe 2 O 3 NPs at a concentration of 20 µg/mLe7
- Outcome
- peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, catalasee7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Eggplant Immune Response Against Fusarium Wilt Disease”
e7“Fe 2 O 3 NPs at a concentration of 20 µg/mL increased the levels of photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe2O3 NPs at 20 µg/mL increased superoxide dismutase in healthy and diseased eggplant.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Fe 2 O 3 NPs at a concentration of 20 µg/mLe7
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutasee7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Eggplant Immune Response Against Fusarium Wilt Disease”
e7“Fe 2 O 3 NPs at a concentration of 20 µg/mL increased the levels of photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes”
The same questions in other papers
iron atom · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
nanoparticle · physiology: osmolytes · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
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nanoparticle · physiology: photosynthesis · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
nanoparticle · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.