Abstract
Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are ubiquitous wine spoilage microorganisms causing significant economic damage to winemakers. Considering difficulties in their isolation through traditional microbiological methods, it would be advantageous to detect them using molecular methods at all stages of winemaking and, thus, prevent wine spoilage. In this research, we analyzed wines, musts and grapes of 13 varieties grown in different regions of the Republic of Moldova. The DNA was extracted and analyzed via PCR using home-designed primers to detect Acetobacter aceti and Acetobacter pasteurianus. Generally, samples with no detectable amounts of AAB in either musts or wine had volatile acidity within the acceptable limits. Only one grape (Rara Neagra) had detectable amounts of AAB (A. pasteurianus) at all analyzed stages (grape, must, wine), and this sample had the highest amount of volatile acidity (2.11 g/L), exceeding the maximum acceptable limit for red wines of 1.2 g/L. A. pasteurianus was more common than A. aceti, both in musts and wines. Samples positive for AAB but containing low amounts of them in wine (Cq value > 35) did not have volatile acidity above the acceptable level. Samples that were wine-negative but must-positive for AAB had volatile acidity close to the acceptable limit. This study shows the utility of PCR diagnostics for predicting the risks of wine spoilage by AAB.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Samples with no detectable AAB in musts or wine had volatile acidity within the acceptable limits.
Verbatim
e0“samples with no detectable amounts of AAB in either musts or wine had volatile acidity within the acceptable limits”
e1“we analyzed wines, musts and grapes of 13 varieties grown in different regions of the Republic of Moldova”
Claim · model-written summary
Only one grape (Rara Neagra) had detectable AAB (A. pasteurianus) at all analyzed stages (grape, must, wine).
Verbatim
e0“Only one grape (Rara Neagra) had detectable amounts of AAB (A. pasteurianus) at all analyzed stages (grape, must, wine)”
e1“we analyzed wines, musts and grapes of 13 varieties grown in different regions of the Republic of Moldova”
Claim · model-written summary
The Rara Neagra grape sample had the highest volatile acidity (2.11 g/L), exceeding the maximum acceptable limit for red wines of 1.2 g/L.
Verbatim
e0“this sample had the highest amount of volatile acidity (2.11 g/L), exceeding the maximum acceptable limit for red wines of 1.2 g/L”
e1“Only one grape (Rara Neagra) had detectable amounts of AAB”
Claim · model-written summary
A. pasteurianus was more common than A. aceti in musts and wines.
- Taxon
- grapese1
- Interactor
- A. pasteurianusAcetobacter pasteurianuse0other
- Second interactor
- A. aceti
Acetobacter acetie0other - Outcome
- more commone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. pasteurianus was more common than A. aceti, both in musts and wines”
e1“we analyzed wines, musts and grapes of 13 varieties grown in different regions of the Republic of Moldova”
Claim · model-written summary
Samples positive for AAB with low amounts in wine (Cq value > 35) did not have volatile acidity above the acceptable level.
Verbatim
e0“Samples positive for AAB but containing low amounts of them in wine (Cq value > 35) did not have volatile acidity above the acceptable level”
e1“we analyzed wines, musts and grapes of 13 varieties grown in different regions of the Republic of Moldova”
Claim · model-written summary
Samples that were negative for AAB in wine but positive in must had volatile acidity close to the acceptable limit.
Verbatim
e0“Samples that were wine-negative but must-positive for AAB had volatile acidity close to the acceptable limit”
e1“we analyzed wines, musts and grapes of 13 varieties grown in different regions of the Republic of Moldova”
Claim · model-written summary
PCR diagnostics are useful for predicting the risk of wine spoilage by AAB.
Verbatim
e0“This study shows the utility of PCR diagnostics for predicting the risks of wine spoilage by AAB”
e1“difficulties in their isolation through traditional microbiological methods”
e2“we analyzed wines, musts and grapes of 13 varieties grown in different regions of the Republic of Moldova”