Abstract
Cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) has a brief history of less than 300 yr, beginning with the hybridization of octoploids Fragaria chiloensis and Fragaria virginiana. Here we explored the genomic signatures of early domestication and subsequent diversification for different climates using whole-genome sequences of 289 wild, heirloom, and modern varieties from two major breeding programs in the United States. Four nonadmixed wild octoploid populations were identified, with recurrent introgression among the sympatric populations. The proportion of F. virginiana ancestry increased by 20% in modern varieties over initial hybrids, and the proportion of F. chiloensis subsp. pacifica rose from 0% to 3.4%. Effective population size rapidly declined during early breeding. Meanwhile, divergent selection for distinct environments reshaped wild allelic origins in 21 out of 28 chromosomes. Overlapping divergent selective sweeps in natural and domesticated populations revealed 16 convergent genomic signatures that may be important for climatic adaptation. Despite 20 breeding cycles since initial hybridization, more than half of loci underlying yield and fruit size are still not under artificial selection. These insights add clarity to the domestication and breeding history of what is now the most widely cultivated fruit in the world.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Four nonadmixed wild octoploid populations were identified with recurrent introgression.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Outcome
- nonadmixed wild octoploid populationse0
- Value
- Foure0
- Qualifier
- recurrent introgression among the sympatric populationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Four nonadmixed wild octoploid populations were identified, with recurrent introgression among the sympatric populations.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
F. virginiana ancestry rose by 20% in modern varieties over initial hybrids.
- Taxon
- F. virginiana
Fragaria virginianae0 - Outcome
- proportion of F. virginiana ancestrye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- initial hybridse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The proportion of F. virginiana ancestry increased by 20% in modern varieties over initial hybrids”
Claim · model-written summary
F. chiloensis subsp. pacifica ancestry rose from 0% to 3.4%.
- Taxon
- F. chiloensis subsp. pacifica
Fragaria chiloensis subsp. pacificae0 - Outcome
- proportion of F. chiloensis subsp. pacificae0
- Direction
- rosee0
- Value
- 0% to 3.4%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the proportion of F. chiloensis subsp. pacifica rose from 0% to 3.4%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Effective population size rapidly declined during early breeding.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- Effective population sizee0
- Direction
- declinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effective population size rapidly declined during early breeding.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Divergent environmental selection reshaped wild allelic origins in 21 of 28 chromosomes.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- wild allelic originse0
- Value
- 21 out of 28 chromosomese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“divergent selection for distinct environments reshaped wild allelic origins in 21 out of 28 chromosomes.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Overlapping sweeps revealed 16 convergent genomic signatures potentially relevant to climate adaptation.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- convergent genomic signaturese0
- Value
- 16e0
- Qualifier
- may be important for climatic adaptatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overlapping divergent selective sweeps in natural and domesticated populations revealed 16 convergent genomic signatures that may be important for climatic adaptation.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
More than half of yield and fruit-size loci remain outside artificial selection after 20 breeding cycles.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- loci underlying yield and fruit size are still not under artificial selectione0
- Value
- more than halfe0
- Qualifier
- 20 breeding cycles since initial hybridizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Despite 20 breeding cycles since initial hybridization, more than half of loci underlying yield and fruit size are still not under artificial selection.”
t0“strawberry”