Abstract
The integration of beneficial microorganisms into agricultural systems can improve crop resistance to stress and increase yields. We studied tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in a greenhouse experimental trial over a complete growing season. The experimental design involved three factors: irrigation condition (normal/low), addition of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Funneliformis mosseae (with/without), and inoculation with four native soil yeasts (Candida aff. ralunensis; Candida sake; Lachancea nothofagi and Candida oleophila). Co-inoculation of F. mosseae and yeasts did not affect the tomato plants. Addition of F. mosseae increased mycorrhizal colonization and production variables regardless of irrigation level; however, its effects on growth were variable. None of the inoculated yeasts increased mycorrhizal colonization. C. aff. ralunensis and C. oleophila inoculation increased stem diameter under all conditions studied. C. aff. ralunensis inoculation enhanced fruit set and the fruit/flower ratio under normal irrigation conditions, while C. sake inoculation increased the fruit/flower ratio under low irrigation conditions. Arbuscular mycorrhizae inoculation is presented as a beneficial production strategy to increase plant tolerance and improve water use. We propose that C. aff. ralunensis and C. oleophila inoculation improves plant vigor. Highlights: Tomato production under greenhouse conditions was studied during a complete growing season following a three-factor trial: irrigation condition (normal/low), addition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and inoculation with four native soil yeasts. Addition of arbuscular mycorrhizal increased mycorrhizal colonization and production variables regardless of irrigation level. Inoculation with two of the yeasts studied increased stem diameter under all conditions studied. Utilizing indigenous microorganisms could represent a promising alternative to external inoculants, potentially cutting down production costs and eliminating the necessity of introducing foreign microorganisms into the environment.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation with F. mosseae and yeasts did not affect tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Co-inoculation of F. mosseae and yeastse0
- Interactor
- F. mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee0symbiont - Second interactor
- yeastse0symbiont
- Outcome
- tomato plantse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-inoculation of F. mosseae and yeasts did not affect the tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
F. mosseae increased mycorrhizal colonization and production regardless of irrigation.
- Taxon
- tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)Solanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Addition of F. mosseaee0
- Interactor
- F. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal colonization and production variablese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- regardless of irrigation levele0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of F. mosseae increased mycorrhizal colonization and production variables regardless of irrigation level”
t0“tomato production”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in a greenhouse experimental trial”
Claim · model-written summary
F. mosseae had variable effects on growth.
- Taxon
- tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)Solanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- F. mosseaee2
- Outcome
- growthe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its effects on growth were variable”
t0“mycorrhizae inoculation on tomato”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in a greenhouse experimental trial”
e2“Addition of F. mosseae increased mycorrhizal colonization and production variables”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated yeasts did not increase mycorrhizal colonization.
- Taxon
- tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)Solanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- inoculated yeastse0
- Interactor
- yeastse0symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal colonizatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“None of the inoculated yeasts increased mycorrhizal colonization”
t0“tomato production”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in a greenhouse experimental trial”
Claim · model-written summary
C. aff. ralunensis increased stem diameter under all conditions.
- Taxon
- tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)Solanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- C. aff. ralunensise0
- Interactor
- C. aff. ralunensise0symbiont
- Outcome
- stem diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. aff. ralunensis and C. oleophila inoculation increased stem diameter under all conditions studied”
t0“tomato production”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in a greenhouse experimental trial”
Claim · model-written summary
C. oleophila increased stem diameter under all conditions.
- Taxon
- tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)Solanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- C. oleophilae0
- Interactor
- C. oleophilaDujonia oleophilae0symbiont
- Outcome
- stem diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. aff. ralunensis and C. oleophila inoculation increased stem diameter under all conditions studied”
t0“tomato production”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in a greenhouse experimental trial”
Claim · model-written summary
C. aff. ralunensis increased fruit set and fruit/flower ratio under normal irrigation.
- Taxon
- tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)Solanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- C. aff. ralunensis inoculatione0
- Interactor
- C. aff. ralunensise0symbiont
- Outcome
- fruit set and the fruit/flower ratioe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- under normal irrigation conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. aff. ralunensis inoculation enhanced fruit set and the fruit/flower ratio under normal irrigation conditions”
t0“tomato production”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in a greenhouse experimental trial”
Claim · model-written summary
C. sake increased fruit/flower ratio under low irrigation.
- Taxon
- tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)Solanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- C. sake inoculatione0
- Interactor
- C. sakeFermentozyma sakee0symbiont
- Outcome
- fruit/flower ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under low irrigation conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. sake inoculation increased the fruit/flower ratio under low irrigation conditions”
t0“tomato production”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in a greenhouse experimental trial”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend arbuscular mycorrhizae inoculation to raise tolerance and improve water use.
- Taxon
- tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)Solanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Arbuscular mycorrhizae inoculatione0
- Outcome
- increase plant tolerance and improve water usee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arbuscular mycorrhizae inoculation is presented as a beneficial production strategy to increase plant tolerance and improve water use”
t0“tomato production”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in a greenhouse experimental trial”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors propose C. aff. ralunensis inoculation improves vigor.
- Taxon
- tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)Solanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- C. aff. ralunensise0
- Interactor
- C. aff. ralunensise0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant vigore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We propose that C. aff. ralunensis and C. oleophila inoculation improves plant vigor”
t0“tomato production”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in a greenhouse experimental trial”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors propose C. oleophila inoculation improves vigor.
- Taxon
- tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)Solanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- C. oleophilae0
- Interactor
- C. oleophilaDujonia oleophilae0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant vigore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We propose that C. aff. ralunensis and C. oleophila inoculation improves plant vigor”
t0“tomato production”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in a greenhouse experimental trial”
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