Abstract
A field study with eight crop sequences was conducted at Karnal during 2001 -06 to diversify or intensify the rice (Oryza sativa L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system and to select suitable cropping system based on productivity and profitability. Combined analysis of the data of 6 years showed that rice - vegetable pea - wheat - greengram sequence produced 27.91 % higher wheat equivalent yield than rice - wheat system. Diversification or intensification of rice - wheat system, once in 3 years, improved the net returns when all the crops (except rice) were grown on raised-bed in a system approach. Inclusion of oilseed or pulses in rice - wheat system once in 3 years or intensification by growing vegetable pea in between rice and wheat or greengram after wheat showed higher net returns and sustainable value index (SVI) compared with rice - wheat system. Maximum SVI (0.92) and net returns (Rs 38.6 x 1 O3 Ihdyear) were recorded in rice - Indian mustard - greengram - rice - wheat - greengram - rice - wheat - greengram crop sequence. Benefit : cost ratio (1.74) and profitability (Rs 124lhdday) were highest in pigeon pea - wheat - rice - wheat - rice - wheat crop sequence. Growing of berseem in the rotation reduced the weed population in the subsequent wheat cycle. After 6 years, rice - vegetable pea - wheat - greengram, rice - In- dian mustard - greengram - rice - - - - greengram and pigeonpea - wheat - rice - wheat greengram - rice wheat wheat - rice - wheat showed 37.5, 25.0 and 20.0% increase, respectively in organic C content (0-1 5 cm) than con- tinuous rice-wheat system.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The rice–vegetable pea–wheat–greengram sequence yielded 27.91% more wheat equivalent yield than rice–wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- rice - vegetable pea - wheat - greengram sequencee0
- Outcome
- wheat equivalent yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 27.91 %e0
- Comparator
- rice - wheat systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice - vegetable pea - wheat - greengram sequence produced 27.91 % higher wheat equivalent yield than rice - wheat system.”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop system diversification or intensification improved net returns when non-rice crops were grown on raised beds.
- Taxon
- rice - wheate0
- Treatment
- Diversification or intensification of rice - wheat system, once in 3 yearse0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- all the crops (except rice) were grown on raised-bede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Diversification or intensification of rice - wheat system, once in 3 years, improved the net returns when all the crops (except rice) were grown on raised-bed in a system approach.”
Claim · model-written summary
Oilseed or pulse inclusion or added vegetable pea or greengram raised net returns and sustainable value index relative to rice–wheat.
Verbatim
e0“Inclusion of oilseed or pulses in rice - wheat system once in 3 years or intensification by growing vegetable pea in between rice and wheat or greengram after wheat showed higher net returns and sustainable value index (SVI) compared with rice - wheat system.”
Claim · model-written summary
The rice–Indian mustard–greengram rotation had maximum SVI of 0.92.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- rice - Indian mustard - greengram - rice - wheat - greengram - rice - wheat - greengram crop sequencee0
- Outcome
- SVIe0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 0.92e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum SVI (0.92) and net returns (Rs 38.6 x 1 O3 Ihdyear) were recorded in rice - Indian mustard - greengram - rice - wheat - greengram - rice - wheat - greengram crop sequence.”
Claim · model-written summary
The rice–Indian mustard–greengram rotation had maximum net returns.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- Rs 38.6 x 1 O3 Ihdyeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum SVI (0.92) and net returns (Rs 38.6 x 1 O3 Ihdyear) were recorded in rice - Indian mustard - greengram - rice - wheat - greengram - rice - wheat - greengram crop sequence.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pigeon pea–wheat rotation had the highest benefit:cost ratio.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Benefit : cost ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.74e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Benefit : cost ratio (1.74) and profitability (Rs 124lhdday) were highest in pigeon pea - wheat - rice - wheat - rice - wheat crop sequence.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pigeon pea–wheat rotation had the highest profitability.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- profitabilitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- Rs 124lhddaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Benefit : cost ratio (1.74) and profitability (Rs 124lhdday) were highest in pigeon pea - wheat - rice - wheat - rice - wheat crop sequence.”
Claim · model-written summary
Berseem in rotation reduced subsequent wheat weeds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Growing of berseem in the rotatione0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed populatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growing of berseem in the rotation reduced the weed population in the subsequent wheat cycle.”
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