Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2012 and 2013 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to study the effect of integrated nitrogen management on performance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) hybrids under different methods of cultivation on sandy clay-loam soil. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 2 crop-establishment methods and 2 hybrids assigned to main plots, and 6 integrated nitrogen-management treatments were allocated in subplots and replicated thrice. Transplanting of rice under system of rice intensifica- tion (SRI) and rice cv. Arize 6444 recorded significantly higher growth attributes, viz. plant height, tillers/hill, leaf- area index, and dry-matter accumulation/hill, with almost all yield-attributing characters and yield, except plant height and panicle length which were significantly higher PHB 71 than Arize 6444. The SRI planting increased the grain and straw yield by 14.76% and 13.11% over normal transplanting. Similarly, SRI planting and Arize 6444 cultivar also gave significantly maximum benefit in respect to gross returns, net returns ( 66,138 and 61,535/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.86 and 1.66) over normal transplanting and PHB 71. Among all the inte- grated nitrogen-management treatments, application of 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 50% N through FYM + Azospirillum recorded significantly higher growth attributes, yield attributes, grain yield (6.94 t/ha), straw yield (9.16 t/ha), harvest index, net monetary returns ( 68,064/ha), but application of 125% RDN was found economically feasible in respect to benefit: cost ratio (1.88) owing to lower cost of cultivation.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Arize 6444 had significantly higher growth and most yield attributes than PHB 71.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- Arize 6444e0
- Outcome
- growth attributese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- PHB 71e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice cv. Arize 6444 recorded significantly higher growth attributes, viz. plant height, tillers/hill, leaf- area index, and dry-matter accumulation/hill, with almost all yield-attributing characters and yield”
e1“than Arize 6444”
e2“PHB 71 than Arize 6444”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
PHB 71 had significantly higher plant height than Arize 6444.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except plant height and panicle length which were significantly higher PHB 71 than Arize 6444”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
PHB 71 had significantly higher panicle length than Arize 6444.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- PHB 71e0
- Outcome
- panicle lengthe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Arize 6444e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except plant height and panicle length which were significantly higher PHB 71 than Arize 6444”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
SRI increased grain yield by 14.76% over normal transplanting.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SRI plantinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14.76%e0
- Comparator
- normal transplantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SRI planting increased the grain and straw yield by 14.76% and 13.11% over normal transplanting.”
e1“grain yield (6.94 t/ha)”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
SRI increased straw yield by 13.11% over normal transplanting.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SRI plantinge0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.11%e0
- Comparator
- normal transplantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SRI planting increased the grain and straw yield by 14.76% and 13.11% over normal transplanting.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
SRI planting gave maximum gross returns, net returns and benefit-cost ratio over normal transplanting.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SRI plantinge0
- Outcome
- gross returns, net returnse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Comparator
- normal transplantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SRI planting and Arize 6444 cultivar also gave significantly maximum benefit in respect to gross returns, net returns ( 66,138 and 61,535/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.86 and 1.66) over normal transplanting and PHB 71.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Arize 6444 gave maximum gross returns, net returns and benefit-cost ratio over PHB 71.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Arize 6444e0
- Outcome
- gross returns, net returnse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Comparator
- PHB 71e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SRI planting and Arize 6444 cultivar also gave significantly maximum benefit in respect to gross returns, net returns ( 66,138 and 61,535/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.86 and 1.66) over normal transplanting and PHB 71.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50% RDN plus 50% FYM nitrogen plus Azospirillum treatment gave significantly higher growth and yield attributes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 50% N through FYM + Azospirillume0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum
Azospirillume0symbiont - Outcome
- growth attributes, yield attributese0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 50% N through FYM + Azospirillum recorded significantly higher growth attributes, yield attributes, grain yield (6.94 t/ha), straw yield (9.16 t/ha), harvest index, net monetary returns ( 68,064/ha)”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50% RDN plus FYM plus Azospirillum treatment produced grain yield of 6.94 t/ha.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 50% N through FYM + Azospirillume0
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 6.94 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 50% N through FYM + Azospirillum recorded significantly higher growth attributes, yield attributes, grain yield (6.94 t/ha), straw yield (9.16 t/ha), harvest index, net monetary returns ( 68,064/ha)”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50% RDN plus FYM plus Azospirillum treatment produced straw yield of 9.16 t/ha.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 50% N through FYM + Azospirillume0
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 9.16 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 50% N through FYM + Azospirillum recorded significantly higher growth attributes, yield attributes, grain yield (6.94 t/ha), straw yield (9.16 t/ha), harvest index, net monetary returns ( 68,064/ha)”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50% RDN plus FYM plus Azospirillum treatment gave higher harvest index.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 50% N through FYM + Azospirillume0
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 50% N through FYM + Azospirillum recorded significantly higher growth attributes, yield attributes, grain yield (6.94 t/ha), straw yield (9.16 t/ha), harvest index, net monetary returns ( 68,064/ha)”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50% RDN plus FYM plus Azospirillum treatment gave net monetary returns of 68,064/ha.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 50% N through FYM + Azospirillume0
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Outcome
- net monetary returnse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 68,064/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 50% N through FYM + Azospirillum recorded significantly higher growth attributes, yield attributes, grain yield (6.94 t/ha), straw yield (9.16 t/ha), harvest index, net monetary returns ( 68,064/ha)”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 125% RDN was economically feasible for benefit-cost ratio, at 1.88.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 125% RDNe0
- Outcome
- benefit: cost ratioe0
- Value
- 1.88e0
- Qualifier
- lower cost of cultivatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 125% RDN was found economically feasible in respect to benefit: cost ratio (1.88) owing to lower cost of cultivation”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
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