Abstract
Background: Cabbage is a subsistence crop for smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. Diamondback moths and cabbage aphids are among the devastating insects that cause yield losses of 90% and 30%. Objective: The aim was to test the efficacy of the bio-rational insecticides against diamondback moth and cabbage aphids, and their effect on cabbage yield and yield loss. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at the Gumsalasa micro dam with furrow irrigation during 2019/20 in Northern Ethiopia. Treatments were arranged in RCB design and replicated thrice. The experiment included five bio-rational insecticides; ( R. obtusifolius ), ( P. dodecandra ), ( N. glauca ), ( T. minuta ), ( A. indica ), Karate 5% EC (standard test), and control. Results: Phytolacca dodecandra aqueous leaf extract showed inspiring results, reducing diamondback moth larvae to 0.13 and aphid colonies to 0.16, 48 hours after the 4th spraying, leading to a higher (40.28 t ha -1 ) fresh cabbage yield followed by A.indica, which had reduced the invasion of diamondback moth and aphid colonies to 0.20 and 0.40 and the yield was recorded as 27.69 t ha -1 compared with 2.46 and 5.53 diamondback moth and aphid colonies, and 23.86 t ha -1 cabbage yield in the control group. Similarly, aqueous extracts of P. dodecandra showed a commendable yield (68.82%) increment over the control, and an estimated yield loss of 40.76% was recorded from the control plots due to the tested insect pests. Conclusion: This study concludes that foliar extracts of P. dodecandra can be used as an alternative management option to replace synthetic insecticides and thereby maintain food security.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
P. dodecandra extract reduced diamondback moth larvae to 0.13 after the fourth spray.
- Taxon
- Cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatat0 - Treatment
- Phytolacca dodecandra aqueous leaf extracte0
- Interactor
- diamondback moth
Plutella xylostellae0pest - Outcome
- diamondback moth larvaee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 0.13e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytolacca dodecandra aqueous leaf extract showed inspiring results, reducing diamondback moth larvae to 0.13 and aphid colonies to 0.16, 48 hours after the 4th spraying, leading to a higher (40.28 t ha -1 ) fresh cabbage yield followed by A.indica, which had reduced the invasion of diamondback moth and aphid colonies to 0.20 and 0.40 and the yield was recorded as 27.69 t ha -1 compared with 2.46 and 5.53 diamondback moth and aphid colonies, and 23.86 t ha -1 cabbage yield in the control group.”
t0“on Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
P. dodecandra extract reduced aphid colonies to 0.16.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- Phytolacca dodecandra aqueous leaf extracte0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- aphid coloniese0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 0.16e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytolacca dodecandra aqueous leaf extract showed inspiring results, reducing diamondback moth larvae to 0.13 and aphid colonies to 0.16, 48 hours after the 4th spraying, leading to a higher (40.28 t ha -1 ) fresh cabbage yield followed by A.indica, which had reduced the invasion of diamondback moth and aphid colonies to 0.20 and 0.40 and the yield was recorded as 27.69 t ha -1 compared with 2.46 and 5.53 diamondback moth and aphid colonies, and 23.86 t ha -1 cabbage yield in the control group.”
t0“on Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
P. dodecandra gave a fresh cabbage yield of 40.28 t ha -1.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- Phytolacca dodecandra aqueous leaf extracte0
- Outcome
- fresh cabbage yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 40.28 t ha -1e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytolacca dodecandra aqueous leaf extract showed inspiring results, reducing diamondback moth larvae to 0.13 and aphid colonies to 0.16, 48 hours after the 4th spraying, leading to a higher (40.28 t ha -1 ) fresh cabbage yield followed by A.indica, which had reduced the invasion of diamondback moth and aphid colonies to 0.20 and 0.40 and the yield was recorded as 27.69 t ha -1 compared with 2.46 and 5.53 diamondback moth and aphid colonies, and 23.86 t ha -1 cabbage yield in the control group.”
t0“on Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
A. indica reduced diamondback moth invasion to 0.20.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- A.indicae0
- Interactor
- diamondback mothPlutella xylostellae0pest
- Outcome
- invasion of diamondback mothe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 0.20e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytolacca dodecandra aqueous leaf extract showed inspiring results, reducing diamondback moth larvae to 0.13 and aphid colonies to 0.16, 48 hours after the 4th spraying, leading to a higher (40.28 t ha -1 ) fresh cabbage yield followed by A.indica, which had reduced the invasion of diamondback moth and aphid colonies to 0.20 and 0.40 and the yield was recorded as 27.69 t ha -1 compared with 2.46 and 5.53 diamondback moth and aphid colonies, and 23.86 t ha -1 cabbage yield in the control group.”
t0“on Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
A. indica reduced aphid colonies to 0.40.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- A.indicae0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- aphid coloniese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 0.40e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytolacca dodecandra aqueous leaf extract showed inspiring results, reducing diamondback moth larvae to 0.13 and aphid colonies to 0.16, 48 hours after the 4th spraying, leading to a higher (40.28 t ha -1 ) fresh cabbage yield followed by A.indica, which had reduced the invasion of diamondback moth and aphid colonies to 0.20 and 0.40 and the yield was recorded as 27.69 t ha -1 compared with 2.46 and 5.53 diamondback moth and aphid colonies, and 23.86 t ha -1 cabbage yield in the control group.”
t0“on Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
A. indica produced 27.69 t ha -1 cabbage yield.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- A.indicae0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 27.69 t ha -1e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytolacca dodecandra aqueous leaf extract showed inspiring results, reducing diamondback moth larvae to 0.13 and aphid colonies to 0.16, 48 hours after the 4th spraying, leading to a higher (40.28 t ha -1 ) fresh cabbage yield followed by A.indica, which had reduced the invasion of diamondback moth and aphid colonies to 0.20 and 0.40 and the yield was recorded as 27.69 t ha -1 compared with 2.46 and 5.53 diamondback moth and aphid colonies, and 23.86 t ha -1 cabbage yield in the control group.”
t0“on Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
P. dodecandra increased cabbage yield 68.82% over control.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- aqueous extracts of P. dodecandrae0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- incremente0
- Value
- 68.82%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aqueous extracts of P. dodecandra showed a commendable yield (68.82%) increment over the control”
t0“on Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Control plots had an estimated 40.76% yield loss due to the pests.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Interactor
- insect pestse0pest
- Outcome
- yield losse0
- Value
- 40.76%e0
- Qualifier
- control plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an estimated yield loss of 40.76% was recorded from the control plots due to the tested insect pests.”
t0“on Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend P. dodecandra foliar extract as an alternative to synthetic insecticides.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- foliar extracts of P. dodecandrae0
- Outcome
- alternative management option to replace synthetic insecticidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar extracts of P. dodecandra can be used as an alternative management option to replace synthetic insecticides”
t0“on Cabbage”
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