Abstract
In healthy plants, the innate immune system contributes to maintenance of microbiota homoeostasis, while disease can be associated with microbiome perturbation or dysbiosis, and enrichment of opportunistic plant pathogens like Xanthomonas. It is currently unclear whether the microbiota change occurs independently of the opportunistic pathogens or is caused by the latter. Here we tested if protein export through the type-2 secretion system (T2SS) by Xanthomonas causes microbiome dysbiosis in Arabidopsis thaliana in immunocompromised plants. We found that Xanthomonas strains secrete a cocktail of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes that promote Xanthomonas growth during infection. Disease severity and leaf tissue degradation were increased in A. thaliana mutants lacking the NADPH oxidase RBOHD. Experiments with gnotobiotic plants, synthetic bacterial communities and wild-type or T2SS-mutant Xanthomonas revealed that virulence and leaf microbiome composition are controlled by the T2SS. Overall, a compromised immune system in plants can enrich opportunistic pathogens, which damage leaf tissues and ultimately cause microbiome dysbiosis by facilitating growth of specific commensal bacteria.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Secreted plant cell wall-degrading enzymes promoted Xanthomonas growth during infection.
- Taxon
- Xanthomonas
_-_Howard_F._Schwartz%2C_Colorado_State_University.jpg?width=60)
Xanthomonase0 - Interactor
- XanthomonasXanthomonase0pathogen
- Outcome
- Xanthomonas growthe0
- Qualifier
- plant cell wall-degrading enzymese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_Howard_F._Schwartz%2C_Colorado_State_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Xanthomonas strains secrete a cocktail of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes that promote Xanthomonas growth during infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease severity increased in Arabidopsis mutants lacking RBOHD.
- Taxon
- A. thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Material
- mutants lacking the NADPH oxidase RBOHDe0
- Gene
- RBOHDe0
- Outcome
- Disease severitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disease severity and leaf tissue degradation were increased in A. thaliana mutants lacking the NADPH oxidase RBOHD”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf tissue degradation increased in Arabidopsis mutants lacking RBOHD.
- Taxon
- A. thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- mutants lacking the NADPH oxidase RBOHDe0
- Gene
- RBOHDe0
- Outcome
- leaf tissue degradatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disease severity and leaf tissue degradation were increased in A. thaliana mutants lacking the NADPH oxidase RBOHD”
Claim · model-written summary
Xanthomonas T2SS controlled virulence in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- wild-type or T2SS-mutant Xanthomonase0
- Interactor
- XanthomonasXanthomonase0pathogen
- Outcome
- virulencee0
- Comparator
- T2SS-mutant Xanthomonase0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Experiments with gnotobiotic plants, synthetic bacterial communities and wild-type or T2SS-mutant Xanthomonas revealed that virulence and leaf microbiome composition are controlled by the T2SS”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana in immunocompromised plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Xanthomonas T2SS controlled Arabidopsis leaf microbiome composition.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- wild-type or T2SS-mutant Xanthomonase0
- Interactor
- XanthomonasXanthomonase0pathogen
- Outcome
- leaf microbiome compositione0
- Comparator
- T2SS-mutant Xanthomonase0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Experiments with gnotobiotic plants, synthetic bacterial communities and wild-type or T2SS-mutant Xanthomonas revealed that virulence and leaf microbiome composition are controlled by the T2SS”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana in immunocompromised plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Compromised plant immunity can enrich opportunistic pathogens, leading to tissue damage and microbiome dysbiosis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Interactor
- opportunistic pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- microbiome dysbiosise0
- Qualifier
- facilitating growth of specific commensal bacteriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a compromised immune system in plants can enrich opportunistic pathogens, which damage leaf tissues and ultimately cause microbiome dysbiosis by facilitating growth of specific commensal bacteria”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana in immunocompromised plants”