Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during 2019 and 2020 at the research farm of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab to study the effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) on grain yield, economics, and system productivity of spring maize (Zea mays L.) under residue incorporation in a diversified cropping system. The main plot consisted of 4 treatment combinations, viz. straw removal + 100% NPK + farmyard manure (FYM) @50 t/ha; straw removal + 150% NPK; straw incorporation + 100% NPK + FYM @50 t/ha; and straw incorporation + 150% NPK, while sub-plot consisted of 3 nutrient levels (75%, 100% and 125% NPK) applied to spring maize planted in a single row and double rows on bed. The results revealed that combined application of straw incorporation + 100% NPK + FYM @50 t/ha resulted in significantly higher grain yield (80.1 and 83.6 q/ha), net returns (259.9 and 300.2 ×103 ₹/ha), benefit cost ratio (1.34 and 1.51) and system productivity (82.9 and 89.1 kg/ha/day) of spring maize and application of 125% NPK to double row on bed resulted in significantly higher grain yield (14.6%, 12.9%) and system productivity (5.4%, 4.7%) as compared to 100% NPK to single row on bed during 2019 and 2020, respectively. Residue incorporation along with INM increased grain yield, net returns, nutrient uptake and system productivity of spring maize.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Straw incorporation plus NPK and FYM gave significantly higher grain yield in 2019 (80.1).
- Treatment
- straw incorporation + 100% NPK + FYM @50 t/hae1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 80.1e1
- Qualifier
- 2019e2
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring maize (Zea mays L.) under residue incorporation in a diversified cropping system”
e1“combined application of straw incorporation + 100% NPK + FYM @50 t/ha resulted in significantly higher grain yield (80.1 and 83.6 q/ha), net returns (259.9 and 300.2 ×103 ₹/ha), benefit cost ratio (1.34 and 1.51) and system productivity (82.9 and 89.1 kg/ha/day) of spring maize”
e2“application of 125% NPK to double row on bed resulted in significantly higher grain yield (14.6%, 12.9%) and system productivity (5.4%, 4.7%) as compared to 100% NPK to single row on bed during 2019 and 2020, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw incorporation plus NPK and FYM gave significantly higher grain yield in 2020 (83.6 q/ha).
- Treatment
- straw incorporation + 100% NPK + FYM @50 t/hae1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 83.6 q/hae1
- Qualifier
- 2020e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring maize (Zea mays L.) under residue incorporation in a diversified cropping system”
e1“combined application of straw incorporation + 100% NPK + FYM @50 t/ha resulted in significantly higher grain yield (80.1 and 83.6 q/ha), net returns (259.9 and 300.2 ×103 ₹/ha), benefit cost ratio (1.34 and 1.51) and system productivity (82.9 and 89.1 kg/ha/day) of spring maize”
e2“application of 125% NPK to double row on bed resulted in significantly higher grain yield (14.6%, 12.9%) and system productivity (5.4%, 4.7%) as compared to 100% NPK to single row on bed during 2019 and 2020, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw incorporation plus NPK and FYM gave significantly higher net returns in 2019 (259.9).
- Treatment
- straw incorporation + 100% NPK + FYM @50 t/hae1
- Outcome
- net returnse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 259.9e1
- Qualifier
- 2019e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring maize (Zea mays L.) under residue incorporation in a diversified cropping system”
e1“combined application of straw incorporation + 100% NPK + FYM @50 t/ha resulted in significantly higher grain yield (80.1 and 83.6 q/ha), net returns (259.9 and 300.2 ×103 ₹/ha), benefit cost ratio (1.34 and 1.51) and system productivity (82.9 and 89.1 kg/ha/day) of spring maize”
e2“application of 125% NPK to double row on bed resulted in significantly higher grain yield (14.6%, 12.9%) and system productivity (5.4%, 4.7%) as compared to 100% NPK to single row on bed during 2019 and 2020, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw incorporation plus NPK and FYM gave significantly higher net returns in 2020 (300.2 ×103 ₹/ha).
- Treatment
- straw incorporation + 100% NPK + FYM @50 t/hae1
- Outcome
- net returnse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 300.2 ×103 ₹/hae1
- Qualifier
- 2020e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring maize (Zea mays L.) under residue incorporation in a diversified cropping system”
e1“combined application of straw incorporation + 100% NPK + FYM @50 t/ha resulted in significantly higher grain yield (80.1 and 83.6 q/ha), net returns (259.9 and 300.2 ×103 ₹/ha), benefit cost ratio (1.34 and 1.51) and system productivity (82.9 and 89.1 kg/ha/day) of spring maize”
e2“application of 125% NPK to double row on bed resulted in significantly higher grain yield (14.6%, 12.9%) and system productivity (5.4%, 4.7%) as compared to 100% NPK to single row on bed during 2019 and 2020, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw incorporation plus NPK and FYM gave significantly higher benefit cost ratio in 2019 (1.34).
- Treatment
- straw incorporation + 100% NPK + FYM @50 t/hae1
- Outcome
- benefit cost ratioe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 1.34e1
- Qualifier
- 2019e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring maize (Zea mays L.) under residue incorporation in a diversified cropping system”
e1“combined application of straw incorporation + 100% NPK + FYM @50 t/ha resulted in significantly higher grain yield (80.1 and 83.6 q/ha), net returns (259.9 and 300.2 ×103 ₹/ha), benefit cost ratio (1.34 and 1.51) and system productivity (82.9 and 89.1 kg/ha/day) of spring maize”
e2“application of 125% NPK to double row on bed resulted in significantly higher grain yield (14.6%, 12.9%) and system productivity (5.4%, 4.7%) as compared to 100% NPK to single row on bed during 2019 and 2020, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw incorporation plus NPK and FYM gave significantly higher benefit cost ratio in 2020 (1.51).
- Treatment
- straw incorporation + 100% NPK + FYM @50 t/hae1
- Outcome
- benefit cost ratioe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 1.51e1
- Qualifier
- 2020e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring maize (Zea mays L.) under residue incorporation in a diversified cropping system”
e1“combined application of straw incorporation + 100% NPK + FYM @50 t/ha resulted in significantly higher grain yield (80.1 and 83.6 q/ha), net returns (259.9 and 300.2 ×103 ₹/ha), benefit cost ratio (1.34 and 1.51) and system productivity (82.9 and 89.1 kg/ha/day) of spring maize”
e2“application of 125% NPK to double row on bed resulted in significantly higher grain yield (14.6%, 12.9%) and system productivity (5.4%, 4.7%) as compared to 100% NPK to single row on bed during 2019 and 2020, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw incorporation plus NPK and FYM gave significantly higher system productivity in 2019 (82.9).
- Treatment
- straw incorporation + 100% NPK + FYM @50 t/hae1
- Outcome
- system productivitye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 82.9e1
- Qualifier
- 2019e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring maize (Zea mays L.) under residue incorporation in a diversified cropping system”
e1“combined application of straw incorporation + 100% NPK + FYM @50 t/ha resulted in significantly higher grain yield (80.1 and 83.6 q/ha), net returns (259.9 and 300.2 ×103 ₹/ha), benefit cost ratio (1.34 and 1.51) and system productivity (82.9 and 89.1 kg/ha/day) of spring maize”
e2“application of 125% NPK to double row on bed resulted in significantly higher grain yield (14.6%, 12.9%) and system productivity (5.4%, 4.7%) as compared to 100% NPK to single row on bed during 2019 and 2020, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw incorporation plus NPK and FYM gave significantly higher system productivity in 2020 (89.1 kg/ha/day).
- Treatment
- straw incorporation + 100% NPK + FYM @50 t/hae1
- Outcome
- system productivitye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 89.1 kg/ha/daye1
- Qualifier
- 2020e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring maize (Zea mays L.) under residue incorporation in a diversified cropping system”
e1“combined application of straw incorporation + 100% NPK + FYM @50 t/ha resulted in significantly higher grain yield (80.1 and 83.6 q/ha), net returns (259.9 and 300.2 ×103 ₹/ha), benefit cost ratio (1.34 and 1.51) and system productivity (82.9 and 89.1 kg/ha/day) of spring maize”
e2“application of 125% NPK to double row on bed resulted in significantly higher grain yield (14.6%, 12.9%) and system productivity (5.4%, 4.7%) as compared to 100% NPK to single row on bed during 2019 and 2020, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
125% NPK in double rows on beds gave significantly higher grain yield than 100% NPK in single rows in 2019 (14.6%).
- Treatment
- 125% NPK to double row on bede1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 14.6%e1
- Qualifier
- 2019e1
- Comparator
- 100% NPK to single row on bede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring maize (Zea mays L.) under residue incorporation in a diversified cropping system”
e1“application of 125% NPK to double row on bed resulted in significantly higher grain yield (14.6%, 12.9%) and system productivity (5.4%, 4.7%) as compared to 100% NPK to single row on bed during 2019 and 2020, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
125% NPK in double rows on beds gave significantly higher grain yield than 100% NPK in single rows in 2020 (12.9%).
- Treatment
- 125% NPK to double row on bede1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 12.9%e1
- Qualifier
- 2020e1
- Comparator
- 100% NPK to single row on bede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring maize (Zea mays L.) under residue incorporation in a diversified cropping system”
e1“application of 125% NPK to double row on bed resulted in significantly higher grain yield (14.6%, 12.9%) and system productivity (5.4%, 4.7%) as compared to 100% NPK to single row on bed during 2019 and 2020, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
125% NPK in double rows on beds gave significantly higher system productivity than 100% NPK in single rows in 2019 (5.4%).
- Treatment
- 125% NPK to double row on bede1
- Outcome
- system productivitye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 5.4%e1
- Qualifier
- 2019e1
- Comparator
- 100% NPK to single row on bede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring maize (Zea mays L.) under residue incorporation in a diversified cropping system”
e1“application of 125% NPK to double row on bed resulted in significantly higher grain yield (14.6%, 12.9%) and system productivity (5.4%, 4.7%) as compared to 100% NPK to single row on bed during 2019 and 2020, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
125% NPK in double rows on beds gave significantly higher system productivity than 100% NPK in single rows in 2020 (4.7%).
- Treatment
- 125% NPK to double row on bede1
- Outcome
- system productivitye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 4.7%e1
- Qualifier
- 2020e1
- Comparator
- 100% NPK to single row on bede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring maize (Zea mays L.) under residue incorporation in a diversified cropping system”
e1“application of 125% NPK to double row on bed resulted in significantly higher grain yield (14.6%, 12.9%) and system productivity (5.4%, 4.7%) as compared to 100% NPK to single row on bed during 2019 and 2020, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue incorporation with INM increased maize nutrient uptake.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring maize (Zea mays L.) under residue incorporation in a diversified cropping system”
e1“Residue incorporation along with INM increased grain yield, net returns, nutrient uptake and system productivity of spring maize.”
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