Abstract
Abstract The global production of soybean, among other drought-susceptible crops, is reportedly affected by drought periods, putting more pressure on food production worldwide. Drought alters plants’ morphology, physiology and biochemistry. As a response to drought, reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations are elevated, causing cellular damage. However, lower concentrations of ROS were reported to have an alleviating role through up-regulating various defensive mechanisms on different levels in drought-stressed plants. This experiment was set up in a controlled environment to monitor the effects of exogenous spray of different (0, 1, 5 and 10 mM) concentrations of H 2 O 2 on two soybean genotypes, i.e., Speeda (drought-tolerant), and Coraline (drought-susceptible) under severe drought stress conditions (induced by polyethylene glycol) during flowering stage. Furthermore, each treatment was further divided into two groups, the first group was kept under drought, whereas drought was terminated in the second group at the end of the flowering stage, and the plants were allowed to recover. After 3 days of application, drought stress significantly decreased chlorophyll- a and chlorophyll- b , total carotenoids, stomatal conductance, both optimal and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm and Df/Fm, respectively), relative water content, specific leaf area, shoot length and dry weight, and pod number and fresh weight, but significantly increased the leaf concentration of both proline and total soluble sugars, the root length, volume and dry weight of both genotypes. The foliar application of 1 mM and 5 mM H 2 O 2 on Speeda and Coraline, respectively enhanced most of the decreased traits measurably, whereas the 10 mM concentration did not. The group of treatments where drought was maintained after flowering failed to produce pods, regardless of H 2 O 2 application and concentration, and gradually deteriorated and died 16 and 19 days after drought application on Coraline and Speeda, respectively. Overall, Speeda showed better performance under drought conditions. Low concentrations of foliar H 2 O 2 could help the experimented soybean genotypes better overcome the influence of severe drought during even sensitive stages, such as flowering. Furthermore, our findings suggest that chlorophyll fluorescence and the cellular content of proline and soluble sugars in the leaves can provide clear information on the influence of both drought imposition and H 2 O 2 application on soybean plants.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased chlorophyll- a and chlorophyll- b in both soybean genotypes.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll- a and chlorophyll- be0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedMaterialComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 3 days of application, drought stress significantly decreased chlorophyll- a and chlorophyll- b , total carotenoids, stomatal conductance, both optimal and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm and Df/Fm, respectively), relative water content, specific leaf area, shoot length and dry weight, and pod number and fresh weight, but significantly increased the leaf concentration of both proline and total soluble sugars, the root length, volume and dry weight of both genotypes.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased total carotenoids in both soybean genotypes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- total carotenoidse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedMaterialComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 3 days of application, drought stress significantly decreased chlorophyll- a and chlorophyll- b , total carotenoids, stomatal conductance, both optimal and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm and Df/Fm, respectively), relative water content, specific leaf area, shoot length and dry weight, and pod number and fresh weight, but significantly increased the leaf concentration of both proline and total soluble sugars, the root length, volume and dry weight of both genotypes.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased stomatal conductance in both soybean genotypes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedMaterialComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 3 days of application, drought stress significantly decreased chlorophyll- a and chlorophyll- b , total carotenoids, stomatal conductance, both optimal and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm and Df/Fm, respectively), relative water content, specific leaf area, shoot length and dry weight, and pod number and fresh weight, but significantly increased the leaf concentration of both proline and total soluble sugars, the root length, volume and dry weight of both genotypes.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased optimal and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII in both soybean genotypes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- optimal and actual photochemical efficiency of PSIIe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedMaterialComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 3 days of application, drought stress significantly decreased chlorophyll- a and chlorophyll- b , total carotenoids, stomatal conductance, both optimal and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm and Df/Fm, respectively), relative water content, specific leaf area, shoot length and dry weight, and pod number and fresh weight, but significantly increased the leaf concentration of both proline and total soluble sugars, the root length, volume and dry weight of both genotypes.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased relative water content in both soybean genotypes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedMaterialComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 3 days of application, drought stress significantly decreased chlorophyll- a and chlorophyll- b , total carotenoids, stomatal conductance, both optimal and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm and Df/Fm, respectively), relative water content, specific leaf area, shoot length and dry weight, and pod number and fresh weight, but significantly increased the leaf concentration of both proline and total soluble sugars, the root length, volume and dry weight of both genotypes.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased specific leaf area in both soybean genotypes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- specific leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedMaterialComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 3 days of application, drought stress significantly decreased chlorophyll- a and chlorophyll- b , total carotenoids, stomatal conductance, both optimal and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm and Df/Fm, respectively), relative water content, specific leaf area, shoot length and dry weight, and pod number and fresh weight, but significantly increased the leaf concentration of both proline and total soluble sugars, the root length, volume and dry weight of both genotypes.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased shoot length and dry weight in both soybean genotypes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- shoot length and dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedMaterialComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 3 days of application, drought stress significantly decreased chlorophyll- a and chlorophyll- b , total carotenoids, stomatal conductance, both optimal and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm and Df/Fm, respectively), relative water content, specific leaf area, shoot length and dry weight, and pod number and fresh weight, but significantly increased the leaf concentration of both proline and total soluble sugars, the root length, volume and dry weight of both genotypes.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased pod number and fresh weight in both soybean genotypes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- pod number and fresh weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedMaterialComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 3 days of application, drought stress significantly decreased chlorophyll- a and chlorophyll- b , total carotenoids, stomatal conductance, both optimal and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm and Df/Fm, respectively), relative water content, specific leaf area, shoot length and dry weight, and pod number and fresh weight, but significantly increased the leaf concentration of both proline and total soluble sugars, the root length, volume and dry weight of both genotypes.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased leaf concentration of both proline and total soluble sugars in both soybean genotypes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- leaf concentration of both proline and total soluble sugarse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedMaterialComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 3 days of application, drought stress significantly decreased chlorophyll- a and chlorophyll- b , total carotenoids, stomatal conductance, both optimal and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm and Df/Fm, respectively), relative water content, specific leaf area, shoot length and dry weight, and pod number and fresh weight, but significantly increased the leaf concentration of both proline and total soluble sugars, the root length, volume and dry weight of both genotypes.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased root length, volume and dry weight in both soybean genotypes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- root length, volume and dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedMaterialComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 3 days of application, drought stress significantly decreased chlorophyll- a and chlorophyll- b , total carotenoids, stomatal conductance, both optimal and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm and Df/Fm, respectively), relative water content, specific leaf area, shoot length and dry weight, and pod number and fresh weight, but significantly increased the leaf concentration of both proline and total soluble sugars, the root length, volume and dry weight of both genotypes.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
1 mM H2O2 enhanced most drought-decreased traits in Speeda.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Speedae0
- Treatment
- 1 mM and 5 mM H 2 O 2e0
- Outcome
- most of the decreased traitse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar application of 1 mM and 5 mM H 2 O 2 on Speeda and Coraline, respectively enhanced most of the decreased traits measurably, whereas the 10 mM concentration did not.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
5 mM H2O2 enhanced most drought-decreased traits in Coraline.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Coralinee0
- Treatment
- 1 mM and 5 mM H 2 O 2e0
- Outcome
- most of the decreased traitse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar application of 1 mM and 5 mM H 2 O 2 on Speeda and Coraline, respectively enhanced most of the decreased traits measurably, whereas the 10 mM concentration did not.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The 10 mM H2O2 treatment did not enhance most drought-decreased traits.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 10 mMe0
- Outcome
- most of the decreased traitse0
- Direction
- did note0
Not reportedMaterialComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar application of 1 mM and 5 mM H 2 O 2 on Speeda and Coraline, respectively enhanced most of the decreased traits measurably, whereas the 10 mM concentration did not.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean under continuous post-flowering drought failed to produce pods regardless of H2O2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- drought was maintained after floweringe0
- Outcome
- failed to produce podse0
Not reportedMaterialComparatorDirectionValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The group of treatments where drought was maintained after flowering failed to produce pods, regardless of H 2 O 2 application and concentration, and gradually deteriorated and died 16 and 19 days after drought application on Coraline and Speeda, respectively.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Coraline died 16 days after drought application.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Coralinee0
- Treatment
- drought was maintained after floweringe0
- Outcome
- diede0
- Value
- 16e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The group of treatments where drought was maintained after flowering failed to produce pods, regardless of H 2 O 2 application and concentration, and gradually deteriorated and died 16 and 19 days after drought application on Coraline and Speeda, respectively.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Speeda died 19 days after drought application.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Speedae0
- Treatment
- drought was maintained after floweringe0
- Outcome
- diede0
- Value
- 19e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The group of treatments where drought was maintained after flowering failed to produce pods, regardless of H 2 O 2 application and concentration, and gradually deteriorated and died 16 and 19 days after drought application on Coraline and Speeda, respectively.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Speeda performed better under drought.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Speedae0
- Treatment
- drought conditionse0
- Outcome
- better performancee0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, Speeda showed better performance under drought conditions.”
t0“soybean”
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