Paper · 2024 · AMB Express

Diversity of endophytic bacteria isolated from leguminous agroforestry trees in western Kenya

William Omuketi Emitaro; Fanuel Kawaka; David Mutisia Musyimi; et al.

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20
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5
citations
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Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Plants have diverse and vast niches colonized by endophytic microorganisms that promote the wellbeing of host plant. These microbes inhabit internal plant tissues with no signs of ill health. Bacterial endophytes from many plants have been isolated and characterized due to their beneficial roles however their diversity in leguminous plants still remain unexploited. Diversity of bacterial endophytes isolated from Sesbania sesban, Leucaena diversifolia and Calliandra calothyrsus was assessed using morphological and molecular characteristics. A total of 27 pure isolates were recovered from C. Calothyrsus, L. diversifolia and S. sesban constituting 44.4%, 33.3% and 22.2% from the leaves, stems and roots respectively. The isolates differentiated into Gram positive and negative with rods and spherical shapes. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed 8 closely related bacterial genera that consisted of Bacillus (33.3%), Staphylococcus (22.2%), Alcaligens (11.1%), Pantoea (11.1%), Xanthomonas,and Sphingomonas (7.4%) each. Others included Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas at 3.7% each. Bacterial endophytes of genus bacillus were isolated from all the three plants. These results indicate the presence of high diversity of endophytic bacteria associated with the different parts of L. diversifolia, S. sesban and C. salothyrsus growing in western Kenya.

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Claims 15

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Twenty-seven pure bacterial isolates were recovered from the three trees.

Outcome
pure isolatese0
Value
27e0
Qualifier
C. Calothyrsus, L. diversifolia and S. sesbane0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“A total of 27 pure isolates were recovered from C. Calothyrsus, L. diversifolia and S. sesban constituting 44.4%, 33.3% and 22.2% from the leaves, stems and roots respectively.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 546–722 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Leaves supplied 44.4% of isolates.

Taxon
endophytic bacteriat0
Organ / stage
leavese0
Outcome
isolatese0
Value
44.4%e0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“A total of 27 pure isolates were recovered from C. Calothyrsus, L. diversifolia and S. sesban constituting 44.4%, 33.3% and 22.2% from the leaves, stems and roots respectively.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 546–722 · show in text ↑
t0

“endophytic bacteria”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 13–32 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Stems supplied 33.3% of isolates.

Taxon
endophytic bacteriat0
Organ / stage
stemse0
Outcome
isolatese0
Value
33.3%e0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“A total of 27 pure isolates were recovered from C. Calothyrsus, L. diversifolia and S. sesban constituting 44.4%, 33.3% and 22.2% from the leaves, stems and roots respectively.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 546–722 · show in text ↑
t0

“endophytic bacteria”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 13–32 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Roots supplied 22.2% of isolates.

Taxon
endophytic bacteriat0
Organ / stage
rootse0
Outcome
isolatese0
Value
22.2%e0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“A total of 27 pure isolates were recovered from C. Calothyrsus, L. diversifolia and S. sesban constituting 44.4%, 33.3% and 22.2% from the leaves, stems and roots respectively.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 546–722 · show in text ↑
t0

“endophytic bacteria”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 13–32 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Isolates included Gram positive and negative rods and spherical forms.

Taxon
endophytic bacteriat0
Outcome
Gram positive and negative with rods and spherical shapese0

Verbatim

e0

“The isolates differentiated into Gram positive and negative with rods and spherical shapes.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 723–814 · show in text ↑
t0

“endophytic bacteria”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 13–32 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Eight closely related bacterial genera were identified.

Taxon
endophytic bacteriat0
Outcome
closely related bacterial generae0
Value
8e0

Verbatim

e0

“Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed 8 closely related bacterial genera”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 815–894 · show in text ↑
t0

“endophytic bacteria”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 13–32 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bacillus accounted for 33.3%.

Taxon
Bacilluse0
Outcome
Bacilluse0
Value
33.3%e0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“Bacillus (33.3%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 913–929 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Staphylococcus accounted for 22.2%.

Taxon
StaphylococcusStaphylococcuse0
Outcome
Staphylococcuse0
Value
22.2%e0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Photo Credit: Janice Carr Content Providers(s): CDC/ Matthew J. Arduino, DRPH; Janice Carr · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Staphylococcus (22.2%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 931–953 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Alcaligens accounted for 11.1%.

Taxon
Alcaligense0
Outcome
Alcaligense0
Value
11.1%e0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“Alcaligens (11.1%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 955–973 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pantoea accounted for 11.1%.

Taxon
PantoeaPantoeae0
Outcome
Pantoeae0
Value
11.1%e0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Pantoea
Pantoea · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Agricultural Research Service (NRRL)Culture Collection · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Pantoea (11.1%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 975–990 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Xanthomonas accounted for 7.4%.

Taxon
XanthomonasXanthomonase0
Outcome
Xanthomonase0
Value
7.4%e0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Xanthomonas
Xanthomonas · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryHoward F. Schwartz, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Xanthomonas,and Sphingomonas (7.4%) each.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 992–1033 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sphingomonas accounted for 7.4%.

Taxon
SphingomonasSphingomonase0
Outcome
Sphingomonase0
Value
7.4%e0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sphingomonas
Sphingomonas · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alan Rockefeller · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Xanthomonas,and Sphingomonas (7.4%) each.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 992–1033 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Acinetobacter accounted for 3.7%.

Taxon
AcinetobacterAcinetobactere0
Outcome
Acinetobactere0
Value
3.7%e0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Acinetobacter
Acinetobacter · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)http://phil.cdc.gov/PHIL_Images/20041209/c9cbf359322b40e08fab8a6129c1be16/6498_lores.jpg · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Others included Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas at 3.7% each.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1034–1094 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pseudomonas accounted for 3.7%.

Taxon
PseudomonasPseudomonase0
Outcome
Pseudomonase0
Value
3.7%e0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)CDC · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Others included Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas at 3.7% each.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1034–1094 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bacillus endophytes were isolated from all three plants.

Taxon
bacilluse0
Outcome
isolated from all the three plantse0

Verbatim

e0

“Bacterial endophytes of genus bacillus were isolated from all the three plants.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1095–1174 · show in text ↑