Abstract
Due to severe insect infestation, yardlong (Vigna unguiculata) bean expansion and production have been declining in Sri Lanka. This experiment tested the effectiveness of several vermiwash against phytophagous insects in yardlong bean. Ten distinct types of vermiwash were generated by alternately and separately feeding exotic (Eudriluseuginea) and indigenous types earthworm with the specified botanicals, viz. onion and garlic peel, marigold and neem leaves, and the materials given for mass culturing. Eleven treatments including 10 vermiwash and untreated control and three blocks were laid on Randomized Complete Block Design. Since the third week of planting, vermiwashes have been administered to the corresponding plots at weekly intervals. Before each application of treatment, the total number of insects in each treated and untreated plot were carefully counted. ANOVA assessed treatment effects, and Duncan's Multiple Range Test compared mean separation values at 5% significance using SAS software. Plots treated with vermiwash made from indigenous earthworm varieties with garlic peel (1.33), exotic varieties with onion peel (2.33), and native varieties with onion peel (3.00) had the significantly similar fewest epilachna beetles. Further, vermiwash of an indigenous variety with neem leaves, where the maximum yield of yardlong beans was also discovered, had a considerably lower population of epilachna beetles. Furthermore, with the exception of the vermiwash of exotic species with onion peel, practically all treatments were less harmful to ladybird beetles. As demonstrated by this experiment, vermiwash has a beneficial effect on plant development in terms of both plant height and leaf area. Vermiwash made from combining an indigenous species of earthworm with neem leaves was potentially suggested for yardlong bean production since it was both environmentally and economically efficient.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Vermiwash made from indigenous earthworms with garlic peel had the fewest epilachna beetles (1.33) among the treatments.
- Taxon
- yardlong bean
Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalist0 - Treatment
- vermiwash made from indigenous earthworm varieties with garlic peele1
- Interactor
- epilachna beetlese1pest
- Outcome
- epilachna beetlese1
- Direction
- feweste1
- Value
- 1.33e1
- Comparator
- untreated controle2
- Setting
- Sri Lankae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata)”
e1“Plots treated with vermiwash made from indigenous earthworm varieties with garlic peel (1.33), exotic varieties with onion peel (2.33), and native varieties with onion peel (3.00) had the significantly similar fewest epilachna beetles”
e2“Eleven treatments including 10 vermiwash and untreated control”
e3“Due to severe insect infestation, yardlong (Vigna unguiculata) bean expansion and production have been declining in Sri Lanka”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermiwash made from exotic earthworms with onion peel had the fewest epilachna beetles (2.33) among the treatments.
- Taxon
- yardlong beanVigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalist0
- Treatment
- exotic varieties with onion peele1
- Interactor
- epilachna beetlese1pest
- Outcome
- epilachna beetlese1
- Direction
- feweste1
- Value
- 2.33e1
- Comparator
- untreated controle2
- Setting
- Sri Lankae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata)”
e1“Plots treated with vermiwash made from indigenous earthworm varieties with garlic peel (1.33), exotic varieties with onion peel (2.33), and native varieties with onion peel (3.00) had the significantly similar fewest epilachna beetles”
e2“Eleven treatments including 10 vermiwash and untreated control”
e3“Due to severe insect infestation, yardlong (Vigna unguiculata) bean expansion and production have been declining in Sri Lanka”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermiwash made from native earthworms with onion peel had the fewest epilachna beetles (3.00) among the treatments.
- Taxon
- yardlong beanVigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalist0
- Treatment
- native varieties with onion peele1
- Interactor
- epilachna beetlese1pest
- Outcome
- epilachna beetlese1
- Direction
- feweste1
- Value
- 3.00e1
- Comparator
- untreated controle2
- Setting
- Sri Lankae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata)”
e1“Plots treated with vermiwash made from indigenous earthworm varieties with garlic peel (1.33), exotic varieties with onion peel (2.33), and native varieties with onion peel (3.00) had the significantly similar fewest epilachna beetles”
e2“Eleven treatments including 10 vermiwash and untreated control”
e3“Due to severe insect infestation, yardlong (Vigna unguiculata) bean expansion and production have been declining in Sri Lanka”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermiwash of an indigenous variety with neem leaves gave the maximum yield of yardlong beans.
- Taxon
- yardlong beanVigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalist0
- Treatment
- vermiwash of an indigenous variety with neem leavese4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- maximume4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata)”
e4“vermiwash of an indigenous variety with neem leaves, where the maximum yield of yardlong beans was also discovered, had a considerably lower population of epilachna beetles”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermiwash of an indigenous variety with neem leaves considerably lowered the population of epilachna beetles.
- Taxon
- yardlong beanVigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalist0
- Treatment
- vermiwash of an indigenous variety with neem leavese4
- Interactor
- epilachna beetlese4pest
- Outcome
- population of epilachna beetlese4
- Direction
- considerably lowere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata)”
e4“vermiwash of an indigenous variety with neem leaves, where the maximum yield of yardlong beans was also discovered, had a considerably lower population of epilachna beetles”
Claim · model-written summary
Practically all vermiwash treatments were less harmful to ladybird beetles, except the exotic-species vermiwash with onion peel.
- Taxon
- yardlong beanVigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalist0
- Treatment
- vermiwashe5
- Interactor
- ladybird beetlesCoccinellidaee5other
- Outcome
- harmful to ladybird beetlese5
- Direction
- lesse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata)”
e5“with the exception of the vermiwash of exotic species with onion peel, practically all treatments were less harmful to ladybird beetles”
Claim · model-written summary
Vermiwash had a beneficial effect on plant development in terms of plant height and leaf area.
- Taxon
- yardlong beanVigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalist0
- Treatment
- vermiwashe6
- Outcome
- plant developmente6
- Direction
- beneficial effecte6
- Qualifier
- plant height and leaf areae6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata)”
e6“vermiwash has a beneficial effect on plant development in terms of both plant height and leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest vermiwash from an indigenous earthworm species with neem leaves for yardlong bean production.
- Taxon
- yardlong beanVigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalist0
- Treatment
- Vermiwash made from combining an indigenous species of earthworm with neem leavese7
- Outcome
- yardlong bean productione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata)”
e7“Vermiwash made from combining an indigenous species of earthworm with neem leaves was potentially suggested for yardlong bean production”
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