Abstract
Cowpea is valued for its nutrition and nitrogen-fixing ability, and investigating bio-fertilizers offers a sustainable way to enhance cowpea growth and yield. A field experiment was conducted from February to June 2022 in the Nawalparasi West, Nepal, to investigate the impact of different fertilizers, including bio-fertilizers and chemical fertilizers, on the growth parameters and yield of cowpea varieties. Employing a double factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), the experiment considered two factors: cowpea variety (Malepatan-1 and Stickless) and fertilizers (control, mycorrhizal, rhizobia, recommended dose of chemical fertilizer (RDF), mycorrhizal + rhizobia, and mycorrhiza + rhizobium + RDF). Malepatan-1 exhibited superior growth and yield compared to Stickless, with higher plant height (125.73 cm), seed weight plant−1 (72.29 g), thousand grain weight (151.62 g), and yield hectare−1 (3536.83 kg ha−1). While the application of rhizobia + mycorrhiza and chemical fertilizers increased various growth parameters, mycorrhiza + rhizobium showed comparable results in terms of yield (4321.41 kg ha−1) and thousand grain weight (167.19 g) compared to the combination of the former (4714.26 kg ha−1 and 176.83 g, respectively). Moreover, mycorrhiza + rhizobium demonstrated a higher benefit-cost ratio (3.76), making it economically and environmentally preferable to biofertilizers with chemicals. The study recommends mycorrhiza + rhizobium for its comparable yield, superior economic returns, and environmental sustainability over biofertilizers combined with chemicals. For maximizing economic and sustainable production, the study suggests using the Malepatan-1 cowpea variety with biofertilizers, excluding chemical (inorganic) fertilizers.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Malepatan-1 had higher plant height (125.73 cm) than Stickless.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Material
- Malepatan-1e2
- Outcome
- plant heighte2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 125.73 cme2
- Comparator
- Sticklesse2
- Setting
- Nawalparasi West, Nepale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Efficacy of bio-fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on growth and yield of cowpea varieties”
e1“A field experiment was conducted from February to June 2022 in the Nawalparasi West, Nepal”
e2“Malepatan-1 exhibited superior growth and yield compared to Stickless, with higher plant height (125.73 cm), seed weight plant−1 (72.29 g), thousand grain weight (151.62 g), and yield hectare−1 (3536.83 kg ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Malepatan-1 had higher seed weight per plant (72.29 g) than Stickless.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Malepatan-1e2
- Outcome
- seed weight plant−1e2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 72.29 ge2
- Comparator
- Sticklesse2
- Setting
- Nawalparasi West, Nepale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Efficacy of bio-fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on growth and yield of cowpea varieties”
e1“A field experiment was conducted from February to June 2022 in the Nawalparasi West, Nepal”
e2“Malepatan-1 exhibited superior growth and yield compared to Stickless, with higher plant height (125.73 cm), seed weight plant−1 (72.29 g), thousand grain weight (151.62 g), and yield hectare−1 (3536.83 kg ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Malepatan-1 had higher thousand grain weight (151.62 g) than Stickless.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Malepatan-1e2
- Outcome
- thousand grain weighte2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 151.62 ge2
- Comparator
- Sticklesse2
- Setting
- Nawalparasi West, Nepale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Efficacy of bio-fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on growth and yield of cowpea varieties”
e1“A field experiment was conducted from February to June 2022 in the Nawalparasi West, Nepal”
e2“Malepatan-1 exhibited superior growth and yield compared to Stickless, with higher plant height (125.73 cm), seed weight plant−1 (72.29 g), thousand grain weight (151.62 g), and yield hectare−1 (3536.83 kg ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Malepatan-1 had higher yield per hectare (3536.83 kg ha−1) than Stickless.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Malepatan-1e2
- Outcome
- yield hectare−1e2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 3536.83 kg ha−1e2
- Comparator
- Sticklesse2
- Setting
- Nawalparasi West, Nepale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Efficacy of bio-fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on growth and yield of cowpea varieties”
e1“A field experiment was conducted from February to June 2022 in the Nawalparasi West, Nepal”
e2“Malepatan-1 exhibited superior growth and yield compared to Stickless, with higher plant height (125.73 cm), seed weight plant−1 (72.29 g), thousand grain weight (151.62 g), and yield hectare−1 (3536.83 kg ha−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhiza + rhizobium gave yield (4321.41 kg ha−1) comparable to the combination of the former (4714.26 kg ha−1).
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- mycorrhiza + rhizobiume5
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae5symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde5
- Direction
- comparablee5
- Value
- 4321.41 kg ha−1e5
- Qualifier
- 4714.26 kg ha−1e5
- Comparator
- the combination of the formere5
- Setting
- Nawalparasi West, Nepale1
RhizobiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Efficacy of bio-fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on growth and yield of cowpea varieties”
e1“A field experiment was conducted from February to June 2022 in the Nawalparasi West, Nepal”
e5“mycorrhiza + rhizobium showed comparable results in terms of yield (4321.41 kg ha−1) and thousand grain weight (167.19 g) compared to the combination of the former (4714.26 kg ha−1 and 176.83 g, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhiza + rhizobium gave thousand grain weight (167.19 g) comparable to the combination of the former (176.83 g).
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- mycorrhiza + rhizobiume5
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae5symbiont
- Outcome
- thousand grain weighte5
- Direction
- comparablee5
- Value
- 167.19 ge5
- Qualifier
- 176.83 ge5
- Comparator
- the combination of the formere5
- Setting
- Nawalparasi West, Nepale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Efficacy of bio-fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on growth and yield of cowpea varieties”
e1“A field experiment was conducted from February to June 2022 in the Nawalparasi West, Nepal”
e5“mycorrhiza + rhizobium showed comparable results in terms of yield (4321.41 kg ha−1) and thousand grain weight (167.19 g) compared to the combination of the former (4714.26 kg ha−1 and 176.83 g, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhiza + rhizobium had a higher benefit-cost ratio (3.76) than biofertilizers with chemicals.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- mycorrhiza + rhizobiume6
- Interactor
- mycorrhizae6symbiont
- Outcome
- benefit-cost ratioe6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- 3.76e6
- Comparator
- biofertilizers with chemicalse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Efficacy of bio-fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on growth and yield of cowpea varieties”
e6“mycorrhiza + rhizobium demonstrated a higher benefit-cost ratio (3.76), making it economically and environmentally preferable to biofertilizers with chemicals”
Claim · model-written summary
The study recommends mycorrhiza + rhizobium over biofertilizers combined with chemicals for cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- mycorrhiza + rhizobiume7
- Comparator
- biofertilizers combined with chemicalse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Efficacy of bio-fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on growth and yield of cowpea varieties”
e7“The study recommends mycorrhiza + rhizobium for its comparable yield, superior economic returns, and environmental sustainability over biofertilizers combined with chemicals”
Claim · model-written summary
The study suggests cowpea variety Malepatan-1 with biofertilizers, excluding chemical fertilizers, for sustainable production.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Malepatan-1e7
- Outcome
- using the Malepatan-1 cowpea variety with biofertilizerse7
- Qualifier
- excluding chemical (inorganic) fertilizerse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Efficacy of bio-fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on growth and yield of cowpea varieties”
e7“the study suggests using the Malepatan-1 cowpea variety with biofertilizers, excluding chemical (inorganic) fertilizers”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.