Abstract
The decline in agricultural productivity because of soil salinization has become a global problem in recent years. Biofertilizers show great potential for soil improvement as a sustainable strategy; however, their effectiveness in improving saline soils and enhancing plant growth under saline stress is poorly understood. We assessed the effectiveness of biofertilizers in improving saline soils and enhancing crop growth under saline stress and investigated the related potential mechanisms. Changes in soil physicochemical properties, plant physiological parameters, and soil microbial communities were analyzed using pot experiments. The results showed that biofertilizer application reduced total soluble salts in the soil by 30.8% and increased Brassica rapa L. biomass by 8.4 times. Biofertilizer application increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus by 56.1%, 57.0%, and 290%, respectively. Simultaneously, superoxide dismutase, catalase, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total soluble sugar, and proline levels also increased by 89.5%, 140%, 110%, 190%, and 130%, respectively. Biofertilizers increased the abundance of Bacillus and Planococcus and decreased the abundance of Mortierella and Aspergillus, which could potentially be the underlying reason for the promotion of plant growth. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the efficacy of biofertilizers in improving saline soils and that the application of biofertilizer could greatly promote agricultural production.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer application reduced total soluble salts in the soil by 30.8%.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.
Brassica rapat0 - Treatment
- biofertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- total soluble salts in the soile0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 30.8%e0
- Setting
- pot experimentse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
e0“biofertilizer application reduced total soluble salts in the soil by 30.8% and increased Brassica rapa L. biomass by 8.4 times”
e1“analyzed using pot experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer application increased Brassica rapa biomass by 8.4 times.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Treatment
- biofertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8.4 timese0
- Setting
- pot experimentse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
e0“biofertilizer application reduced total soluble salts in the soil by 30.8% and increased Brassica rapa L. biomass by 8.4 times”
e1“analyzed using pot experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer application increased soil organic matter by 56.1%.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Treatment
- Biofertilizer applicatione2
- Outcome
- soil organic mattere2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 56.1%e2
- Setting
- pot experimentse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
e2“Biofertilizer application increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus by 56.1%, 57.0%, and 290%”
e1“analyzed using pot experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer application increased total nitrogen by 57.0%.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Treatment
- Biofertilizer applicatione2
- Outcome
- total nitrogene2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 57.0%e2
- Setting
- pot experimentse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
e2“Biofertilizer application increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus by 56.1%, 57.0%, and 290%”
e1“analyzed using pot experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer application increased available phosphorus by 290%.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Treatment
- Biofertilizer applicatione2
- Outcome
- available phosphoruse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 290%e2
- Setting
- pot experimentse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
e2“Biofertilizer application increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus by 56.1%, 57.0%, and 290%”
e1“analyzed using pot experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer application increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total soluble sugar and proline levels by 89.5%, 140%, 110%, 190% and 130%, with the item-value pairing not stated.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Treatment
- Biofertilizer applicatione2
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase, catalase, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total soluble sugar, and proline levelse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 89.5%, 140%, 110%, 190%, and 130%e3
- Setting
- pot experimentse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Schema note from the model: six items are followed by five values with respectively; the item-value pairing is not stated
Verbatim
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
e2“Biofertilizer application increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus by 56.1%, 57.0%, and 290%”
e3“superoxide dismutase, catalase, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total soluble sugar, and proline levels also increased by 89.5%, 140%, 110%, 190%, and 130%, respectively”
e1“analyzed using pot experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizers increased the abundance of Bacillus and Planococcus.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Treatment
- Biofertilizerse4
- Interactor
- Bacillus and Planococcuse4other
- Outcome
- abundancee4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Setting
- pot experimentse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
e4“Biofertilizers increased the abundance of Bacillus and Planococcus”
e1“analyzed using pot experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizers decreased the abundance of Mortierella and Aspergillus.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Treatment
- Biofertilizerse4
- Interactor
- Mortierella and Aspergillus
Mortierella
Aspergilluse5other - Outcome
- abundancee5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Setting
- pot experimentse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
e4“Biofertilizers increased the abundance of Bacillus and Planococcus”
e5“decreased the abundance of Mortierella and Aspergillus”
e1“analyzed using pot experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
The shifts in Bacillus, Planococcus, Mortierella and Aspergillus abundance could be the underlying reason for promotion of Brassica rapa growth.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Interactor
- Bacillus and Planococcuse4other
- Second interactor
- Mortierella and AspergillusMortierellaAspergilluse5other
- Outcome
- promotion of plant growthe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
e6“which could potentially be the underlying reason for the promotion of plant growth”
e4“Biofertilizers increased the abundance of Bacillus and Planococcus”
e5“decreased the abundance of Mortierella and Aspergillus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that biofertilizer application could greatly promote agricultural production.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Outcome
- agricultural productione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
e7“the application of biofertilizer could greatly promote agricultural production”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.