Abstract
The increased cultivation of high THC-containing Cannabis sativa L. (cannabis), particularly in greenhouses, has resulted in a greater incidence of diseases and molds that can negatively affect the growth and quality of the crop. Among them, the most important diseases are root rots (Fusarium and Pythium spp.), bud rot (Botrytis cinerea), powdery mildew (Golovinomyces ambrosiae), cannabis stunt disease (caused by hop latent viroid), and a range of microbes that reduce post-harvest quality. An integrated management approach to reduce the impact of these diseases/microbes requires combining different approaches that target the reproduction, spread, and survival of the associated pathogens, many of which can occur on the same plant simultaneously. These approaches will be discussed in the context of developing an integrated plan to manage the important pathogens of greenhouse-grown cannabis at different stages of plant development. These stages include the maintenance of stock plants, propagation through cuttings, vegetative growth of plants, and flowering. The cultivation of cannabis genotypes with tolerance or resistance to various pathogens is a very important approach, as well as the maintenance of pathogen-free stock plants. When combined with cultural approaches (sanitation, management of irrigation, and monitoring for diseases) and environmental approaches (greenhouse climate modification), a significant reduction in pathogen development and spread can be achieved. The use of preventive applications of microbial biological control agents and reduced-risk biorational products can also reduce disease development at all stages of production in jurisdictions where they are registered for use. The combined use of promising strategies for integrated disease management in cannabis plants during greenhouse production will be reviewed. Future areas for research are identified.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium is identified with root rots in cannabis.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabis)
Cannabis sativat0 - Outcome
- root rotse0
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabis)”
e0“root rots (Fusarium and Pythium spp.), bud rot (Botrytis cinerea), powdery mildew (Golovinomyces ambrosiae), cannabis stunt disease (caused by hop latent viroid)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pythium spp. is identified with root rots in cannabis.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabis)Cannabis sativat0
- Outcome
- root rotse0
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
PythiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabis)”
e0“root rots (Fusarium and Pythium spp.), bud rot (Botrytis cinerea), powdery mildew (Golovinomyces ambrosiae), cannabis stunt disease (caused by hop latent viroid)”
Claim · model-written summary
Botrytis cinerea is identified with bud rot in cannabis.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabis)Cannabis sativat0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- bud rote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabis)”
e0“root rots (Fusarium and Pythium spp.), bud rot (Botrytis cinerea), powdery mildew (Golovinomyces ambrosiae), cannabis stunt disease (caused by hop latent viroid)”
Claim · model-written summary
Golovinomyces ambrosiae is identified with powdery mildew in cannabis.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabis)Cannabis sativat0
- Interactor
- Golovinomyces ambrosiae
Golovinomyces ambrosiaee0pathogen - Outcome
- powdery mildewe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabis)”
e0“root rots (Fusarium and Pythium spp.), bud rot (Botrytis cinerea), powdery mildew (Golovinomyces ambrosiae), cannabis stunt disease (caused by hop latent viroid)”
Claim · model-written summary
hop latent viroid is identified with cannabis stunt disease in cannabis.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabis)Cannabis sativat0
- Interactor
- hop latent viroidHop latent viroide0pathogen
- Outcome
- cannabis stunt diseasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabis)”
e0“root rots (Fusarium and Pythium spp.), bud rot (Botrytis cinerea), powdery mildew (Golovinomyces ambrosiae), cannabis stunt disease (caused by hop latent viroid)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultural and greenhouse climate measures together can substantially reduce pathogen development and spread.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabis)Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- cultural approachese0
- Outcome
- reduction in pathogen development and spreade0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabis)”
e0“When combined with cultural approaches (sanitation, management of irrigation, and monitoring for diseases) and environmental approaches (greenhouse climate modification), a significant reduction in pathogen development and spread can be achieved”
Claim · model-written summary
Preventive microbial biological control agents can reduce disease development.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabis)Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- preventive applications of microbial biological control agentse0
- Outcome
- reduce disease developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabis)”
e0“preventive applications of microbial biological control agents and reduced-risk biorational products can also reduce disease development”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced-risk biorational products can reduce disease development.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabis)Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- reduced-risk biorational productse0
- Outcome
- reduce disease developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabis)”
e0“reduced-risk biorational products can also reduce disease development”