Abstract
ABSTRACT The application of biostimulants in agriculture has been studied to increase production while using smaller physical spaces and agricultural inputs to increase sustainability in production systems. Despite the promising results, there is a need to study the effects of joint applications of these products, identifying possible interactions during crop development. Thus, this study aimed to verify the biostimulant potential of the isolated and combined use of nicotinamide and Azospirillum brasilense during the initial growth of pumpkin plants in hydroponic cultivation. A completely randomized design with six treatments and four replicates was performed. The treatments were composed by the combination of the application of nicotinamide (foliar) and A. brasilense (foliar or applied in the hydroponic solution). Treatments increased the gas exchanges, particularly the assimilation rate and carboxylation efficiency, being superior to the control treatment. However, for growth characteristics, the isolated application of nicotinamide favored the development of the shoot and, when combined with A. brasilense via foliar, increased root growth. Thus, the application of nicotinamide and A. brasilense alone or together enhances the growth and gas exchanges of pumpkin plants grown in a hydroponic system, especially when using foliar application of A. brasilense. Whereby its action can be referred to as a biostimulant effect. Furthermore, the application method affects the efficiency and compatibility of the products applied. Therefore, foliar application is recommended.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Nicotinamide and A. brasilense treatments increased gas exchange in pumpkin, including assimilation rate and carboxylation efficiency, relative to the control.
- Taxon
- pumpkine1
- Treatment
- combination of the application of nicotinamide (foliar) and A. brasilensee3
- Interactor
- A. brasilense
Azospirillum brasilensee3symbiont - Outcome
- gas exchangese2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- control treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“during the initial growth of pumpkin plants in hydroponic cultivation”
e2“Treatments increased the gas exchanges, particularly the assimilation rate and carboxylation efficiency, being superior to the control treatment”
e3“The treatments were composed by the combination of the application of nicotinamide (foliar) and A. brasilense (foliar or applied in the hydroponic solution)”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolated foliar application of nicotinamide favored shoot development in pumpkin.
- Taxon
- pumpkine1
- Organ / stage
- shoote4
- Treatment
- isolated application of nicotinamidee4
- Outcome
- development of the shoote4
- Direction
- favorede4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“during the initial growth of pumpkin plants in hydroponic cultivation”
e4“for growth characteristics, the isolated application of nicotinamide favored the development of the shoot”
Claim · model-written summary
Nicotinamide combined with A. brasilense applied via foliar increased pumpkin root growth.
- Taxon
- pumpkine1
- Organ / stage
- roote5
- Treatment
- combined with A. brasilense via foliare5
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee5symbiont
- Outcome
- root growthe5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“during the initial growth of pumpkin plants in hydroponic cultivation”
e5“when combined with A. brasilense via foliar, increased root growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application is recommended for nicotinamide and A. brasilense in hydroponic pumpkin.
Verbatim
e1“during the initial growth of pumpkin plants in hydroponic cultivation”
e6“foliar application is recommended”
Claim · model-written summary
The application method affects the efficiency and compatibility of the biostimulant products applied to pumpkin.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e1“during the initial growth of pumpkin plants in hydroponic cultivation”
e7“the application method affects the efficiency and compatibility of the products applied”
The same questions in other papers
application · growth · Cucurbita (pumpkins)Positive and negative results
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.