Abstract
Understanding the relationship between solitary bee flight and flowering phenology is globally relevant for environmental management and habitat restoration. Using Swedish citizen science data over an 11-year period, the flight behaviours of two oligolectic solitary bees (Andrena hattorfiana and Andrena marginata) were compared to the flowering phenology of their hosts (Knautia arvensis and Succisa pratensis) in southern Sweden. There were 2,327 and 4,566 records of flight and flowering, respectively. While associative studies cannot resolve the degree of oligolecty, a strong temporal association of Andrena hattorfiana with Knautia arvensis and Andrena marginata with Succisa pratensis was indicated. Three conclusions emerged when comparing annual data: first, the flight period of both bee species studied overlapped with the flowering period of their corresponding host plants. Second, earlier flowering of Knautia arvensis corresponded with the earlier flight of Andrena hattorfiana. Third, the flight period duration was unaffected by the flowering period duration. For Andrena hattorfiana/Knautia arvensis, climate change may shift the start of flight and flowering periods to earlier dates in the year. A similar response would be expected for Andrena marginata/Knautia arvensis, but not for Andrena marginata/Succisa pratensis where there instead might be an increasing mismatch between the flight and flowering periods.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Andrena hattorfiana flight showed a strong temporal association with Knautia arvensis flowering.
- Taxon
- Knautia arvensis
Knautia arvensise0 - Interactor
- Andrena hattorfiana
Andrena hattorfianae0pollinator - Outcome
- flowering phenologye1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a strong temporal association of Andrena hattorfiana with Knautia arvensis”
e1“the flight behaviours of two oligolectic solitary bees (Andrena hattorfiana and Andrena marginata) were compared to the flowering phenology of their hosts (Knautia arvensis and Succisa pratensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Andrena marginata flight showed a strong temporal association with Succisa pratensis flowering.
- Taxon
- Succisa pratensis
Succisa pratensise0 - Interactor
- Andrena marginata
Andrena marginatae0pollinator - Outcome
- flowering phenologye2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Andrena marginata with Succisa pratensis”
e1“a strong temporal association of Andrena hattorfiana with Knautia arvensis and Andrena marginata with Succisa pratensis”
e2“flowering phenology of their hosts”
Claim · model-written summary
Andrena hattorfiana flight overlapped Knautia arvensis flowering.
- Taxon
- Knautia arvensisKnautia arvensise1
- Interactor
- Andrena hattorfianaAndrena hattorfianae1pollinator
- Outcome
- overlapped with the flowering periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the flight period of both bee species studied overlapped with the flowering period of their corresponding host plants”
e1“Andrena hattorfiana with Knautia arvensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Andrena marginata flight overlapped Succisa pratensis flowering.
- Taxon
- Succisa pratensisSuccisa pratensise1
- Interactor
- Andrena marginataAndrena marginatae1pollinator
- Outcome
- overlapped with the flowering periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the flight period of both bee species studied overlapped with the flowering period of their corresponding host plants”
e1“Andrena marginata with Succisa pratensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Earlier Knautia arvensis flowering corresponded to earlier Andrena hattorfiana flight.
- Taxon
- Knautia arvensisKnautia arvensise0
- Interactor
- Andrena hattorfianaAndrena hattorfianae0pollinator
- Outcome
- earlier floweringe0
- Direction
- earliere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“earlier flowering of Knautia arvensis corresponded with the earlier flight of Andrena hattorfiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Bee flight duration was unaffected by host flowering duration.
- Taxon
- Knautia arvensisKnautia arvensise1
- Interactor
- Andrena hattorfianaAndrena hattorfianae2pollinator
- Outcome
- flowering period duratione0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the flight period duration was unaffected by the flowering period duration”
e1“Knautia arvensis and Succisa pratensis”
e2“Andrena hattorfiana and Andrena marginata”
Claim · model-written summary
Climate change may shift Knautia arvensis flowering and Andrena hattorfiana flight earlier.
- Taxon
- Knautia arvensisKnautia arvensise0
- Interactor
- Andrena hattorfianaAndrena hattorfianae0pollinator
- Outcome
- start of flight and flowering periodse0
- Direction
- earliere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Andrena hattorfiana/Knautia arvensis, climate change may shift the start of flight and flowering periods to earlier dates in the year”
Claim · model-written summary
A similar earlier shift is expected for Andrena marginata and Knautia arvensis.
- Taxon
- Knautia arvensisKnautia arvensise0
- Interactor
- Andrena marginataAndrena marginatae0pollinator
- Outcome
- similar responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar response would be expected for Andrena marginata/Knautia arvensis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors anticipate an increasing flight and flowering mismatch for Andrena marginata and Succisa pratensis.
- Taxon
- Succisa pratensisSuccisa pratensise0
- Interactor
- Andrena marginataAndrena marginatae0pollinator
- Outcome
- mismatch between the flight and flowering periodse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Andrena marginata/Succisa pratensis where there instead might be an increasing mismatch between the flight and flowering periods”