Abstract
Rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs), belonging to a family of small secreted peptides, have been considered as important signaling molecules in diverse biological processes, including immunity. Current studies on RALF-modulated immunity mainly focus on Arabidopsis, but little is reported in crop plants. The rice immune receptor XA21 confers immunity to the bacterial blight pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Here, we pursued functional characterization of rice RALF26 (OsRALF26) up-regulated by Xoo during XA21-mediated immune response. When applied exogenously as a recombinant peptide, OsRALF26 induced a series of immune responses, including pathogenesis-related genes (PRs) induction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and callose deposition in rice and/or Arabidopsis. Transgenic rice and Arabidopsis overexpressing OsRALF26 exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to Xoo and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000), respectively. In yeast two-hybrid, pull-down assays, and co-immunoprecipitation analyses, rice FER-like receptor 1 (OsFLR1) was identified as a receptor of OsRALF26. Transient expression of OsFLR1 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves displayed significantly increased ROS production and callose deposition after OsRALF26 treatment. Together, we propose that OsRALF26 induced by Xoo in an XA21-dependent manner is perceived by OsFLR1 and may play a novel role in the enforcement of XA21-mediated immunity.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Xoo up-regulated rice OsRALF26 during the XA21 immune response.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Interactor
- Xooe0pathogen
- Gene
- OsRALF26e0
- Outcome
- up-regulated by Xooe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice RALF26 (OsRALF26) up-regulated by Xoo during XA21-mediated immune response.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous OsRALF26 induced pathogenesis-related genes, ROS, and callose immune responses in rice and/or Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- applied exogenously as a recombinant peptidee0
- Gene
- OsRALF26e0
- Outcome
- pathogenesis-related genes (PRs) induction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and callose depositione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied exogenously as a recombinant peptide, OsRALF26 induced a series of immune responses, including pathogenesis-related genes (PRs) induction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and callose deposition in rice and/or Arabidopsis.”
Claim · model-written summary
OsRALF26 overexpression significantly enhanced rice resistance to Xoo.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- overexpressing OsRALF26e0
- Interactor
- Xooe0pathogen
- Gene
- OsRALF26e0
- Outcome
- resistance to Xooe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic rice and Arabidopsis overexpressing OsRALF26 exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to Xoo and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000), respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
OsRALF26 overexpression significantly enhanced Arabidopsis resistance to Pst DC3000.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- overexpressing OsRALF26e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. DC3000e0pathogen
- Gene
- OsRALF26e0
- Outcome
- resistance to Xoo and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic rice and Arabidopsis overexpressing OsRALF26 exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to Xoo and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000), respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
OsFLR1 was identified as an OsRALF26 receptor.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- OsFLR1e0
- Outcome
- receptor of OsRALF26e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice FER-like receptor 1 (OsFLR1) was identified as a receptor of OsRALF26.”
Claim · model-written summary
OsFLR1 transient expression in Nicotiana leaves increased ROS production after OsRALF26 treatment.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Transient expression of OsFLR1e0
- Gene
- OsFLR1e0
- Outcome
- ROS production and callose depositione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- after OsRALF26 treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transient expression of OsFLR1 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves displayed significantly increased ROS production and callose deposition after OsRALF26 treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors propose that OsFLR1 perceives Xoo-induced OsRALF26 and may reinforce XA21 immunity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Xooe0pathogen
- Gene
- OsRALF26e0
- Outcome
- enforcement of XA21-mediated immunitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsRALF26 induced by Xoo in an XA21-dependent manner is perceived by OsFLR1 and may play a novel role in the enforcement of XA21-mediated immunity.”
t0“Rice small secreted peptide”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · physiology: oxidative · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.