Abstract
Abstract Background Implementing pest and disease control techniques that have low environmental impact is important for sustainable agriculture. Microbial biopesticides are an effective approach due to their low environmental impact and low risk of resistance development. Because it is not usually possible to control multiple pests and diseases with a single microbial biopesticide, it is essential to investigate the potential for combining microbial biopesticides with varying control spectrums effectively. Many biopesticides have antimicrobial activity and may therefore interact negatively in combination. Results This study demonstrated that a mixture of Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus subtilis formulations proved potential for simultaneous control of greenhouse whitefly ( Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood) and tomato powdery mildew ( Oidium neolycopersici ). Three greenhouse experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of mixed and single-use treatments. A laboratory experiment comparing the insecticidal effect of each treatment was also conducted. In all greenhouse experiments, the combined treatment controlled the greenhouse whitefly (78.9–88.3%) and tomato powdery mildew (47.2–81.0%) compared to untreated controls, which was as well as each treatment alone. In some greenhouse and laboratory experiments, the mixed treatment showed an approximately 1.32 to 1.78 times higher insecticidal effect compared to single-use treatments. Regarding the control efficacy against the pest and disease, negative effects of microbial agents on each other were not observed. Conclusions These results demonstrated the effectiveness of concurrent use of two microbial pesticides examined on dual control of pest and disease and showed potential for improved control of certain pests. The knowledge of this work could suggest the possibility of more environmentally friendly pest control systems with the use of microbial pesticides.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture controlled greenhouse whitefly by 78.9–88.3% relative to untreated controls.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- a mixture of Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus subtilis formulationse1
- Interactor
- Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood
Trialeurodes vaporariorume2pest - Second interactor
- Beauveria bassiana
Beauveria bassianae1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- greenhouse whiteflye0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 78.9–88.3%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined treatment controlled the greenhouse whitefly (78.9–88.3%) and tomato powdery mildew (47.2–81.0%) compared to untreated controls”
e1“a mixture of Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus subtilis formulations”
t0“tomato powdery mildew”
e2“greenhouse whitefly ( Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood)”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture controlled tomato powdery mildew by 47.2–81.0% relative to untreated controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- a mixture of Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus subtilis formulationse1
- Interactor
- Oidium neolycopersiciErysiphe neolycopersicie2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilise1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- tomato powdery mildewe0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 47.2–81.0%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined treatment controlled the greenhouse whitefly (78.9–88.3%) and tomato powdery mildew (47.2–81.0%) compared to untreated controls”
e1“a mixture of Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus subtilis formulations”
e2“tomato powdery mildew ( Oidium neolycopersici )”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment performed as well as either treatment alone for pest and disease control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treatmente0
- Interactor
- Trialeurodes vaporariorum WestwoodTrialeurodes vaporariorume1pest
- Outcome
- control of greenhouse whiteflye1
- Direction
- as well ase0
- Comparator
- each treatment alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was as well as each treatment alone”
e1“control of greenhouse whitefly ( Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood) and tomato powdery mildew ( Oidium neolycopersici )”
t0“tomato powdery mildew”
Claim · model-written summary
In some experiments the mixture had 1.32 to 1.78 times higher insecticidal effect than single treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- mixed treatmente0
- Interactor
- Trialeurodes vaporariorum WestwoodTrialeurodes vaporariorume1pest
- Outcome
- insecticidal effecte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- approximately 1.32 to 1.78 timese0
- Comparator
- single-use treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mixed treatment showed an approximately 1.32 to 1.78 times higher insecticidal effect compared to single-use treatments”
e1“greenhouse whitefly ( Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood)”
t0“tomato powdery mildew”
Claim · model-written summary
No negative interaction between microbial agents was observed for control efficacy.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- negative effects of microbial agents on each othere0
- Direction
- not observede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negative effects of microbial agents on each other were not observed”
t0“tomato powdery mildew”
The same questions in other papers
Beauveria bassiana · Trialeurodes vaporariorum · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.