Abstract
Studies of Thermopsis mongolica, a poisonous perennial herbaceous plant with a long rhizome, which spreads rapidly in grazing meadow and steppe phytocenoses of the Altai Republic, were conducted. In permanently grazed pastures, the thermopsis is not eaten by cattle and, with reduced competition from other species, quickly spreads and invades the territory due to a large number of growing rhizomes. Due to vegetative propagation, the main maximum in T. mongolica cenopopulations is represented by virginal ramets, the second one y middle-aged or old generative ramets. With increasing anthropogenic pressure, the share of virginal ramets and the cenopopulation density increase. In the communities disturbed by cattle grazing with the stage III of pasture digression, thermopsis co-dominates and makes an aspect in the herbaceous layer. In such cenopopulations, the thermopsis density increases from 24.8 to 131.2 ramets per m2. Generative shoots in this case reach the maximum morphometric parameters, power and productivity. Continuous grazing until complete failure (stage IV) leads to rapid aging of T. mongolica plants and accumulation of old ramets. In the ontogenetic spectra, the second maximum is shifted to the ramets of the postgenerative period. Due to constant trampling and soil compaction, the density of T. mongolica decreases to 6.5–4.6 ramets per m2. Thus, the anthropogenic load, if not destructive, leads to weakening of interspecific competition, which enables T. mongolica to increase rapidly the organismal and population indices and to realize its reactive properties.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced competition under grazing allows thermopsis spread through rhizomes.
- Taxon
- thermopsis
Thermopsist0 - Organ / stage
- rhizomese0
- Outcome
- spreads and invades the territorye0
- Qualifier
- reduced competition from other speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with reduced competition from other species, quickly spreads and invades the territory due to a large number of growing rhizomes.”
t0“THERMOPSIS MONGOLICA”
Claim · model-written summary
Virginal ramets form the main population maximum and middle aged or old generative ramets a second one.
- Taxon
- T. mongolicaThermopsis mongolicae0
- Organ / stage
- virginal rametse0
- Outcome
- main maximume0
Verbatim
e0“the main maximum in T. mongolica cenopopulations is represented by virginal ramets, the second one y middle-aged or old generative ramets.”
Claim · model-written summary
Virginal ramet share and population density rise with anthropogenic pressure.
- Taxon
- Thermopsis mongolicaThermopsis mongolicat0
- Treatment
- anthropogenic pressuree0
- Outcome
- share of virginal ramets and the cenopopulation densitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Verbatim
e0“With increasing anthropogenic pressure, the share of virginal ramets and the cenopopulation density increase.”
t0“THERMOPSIS MONGOLICA”
Claim · model-written summary
At stage III grazing thermopsis becomes a codominant in the herb layer.
- Taxon
- thermopsisThermopsise0
- Outcome
- co-dominates and makes an aspect in the herbaceous layere0
- Qualifier
- stage III of pasture digressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the communities disturbed by cattle grazing with the stage III of pasture digression, thermopsis co-dominates and makes an aspect in the herbaceous layer.”
Claim · model-written summary
Thermopsis density rises from 24.8 to 131.2 ramets per m2 in stage III communities.
- Taxon
- thermopsisThermopsise0
- Outcome
- thermopsis densitye0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 24.8 to 131.2 ramets per m2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the thermopsis density increases from 24.8 to 131.2 ramets per m2.”
Claim · model-written summary
Generative shoots reach maximum morphology, power and productivity.
- Taxon
- thermopsisThermopsist0
- Organ / stage
- Generative shootse0
- Outcome
- morphometric parameters, power and productivitye0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Generative shoots in this case reach the maximum morphometric parameters, power and productivity.”
t0“THERMOPSIS MONGOLICA”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous grazing to stage IV rapidly ages plants and accumulates old ramets.
- Taxon
- T. mongolicaThermopsis mongolicae0
- Treatment
- Continuous grazing until complete failure (stage IV)e0
- Outcome
- rapid aging of T. mongolica plants and accumulation of old rametse0
- Direction
- rapide0
Verbatim
e0“Continuous grazing until complete failure (stage IV) leads to rapid aging of T. mongolica plants and accumulation of old ramets.”
Claim · model-written summary
The second ontogenetic maximum shifts to postgenerative ramets.
- Taxon
- thermopsisThermopsist0
- Organ / stage
- ramets of the postgenerative periode0
- Outcome
- second maximume0
- Direction
- shiftede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the second maximum is shifted to the ramets of the postgenerative period.”
t0“THERMOPSIS MONGOLICA”
Claim · model-written summary
Trampling and compaction lower population density to 6.5–4.6 ramets per m2.
Verbatim
e0“Due to constant trampling and soil compaction, the density of T. mongolica decreases to 6.5–4.6 ramets per m2.”