Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH or Gap) is a ubiquitous enzyme essential for carbon and energy metabolism in most organisms. Despite its primary role in sugar metabolism, GAPDH is recognized for its involvement in diverse cellular processes, being considered a paradigm among multifunctional/moonlighting proteins. Besides its canonical cytoplasmic location, GAPDH has been detected on cell surfaces or as a secreted protein in prokaryotes, yet little is known about its possible roles in plant symbiotic bacteria. Here we report that Rhizobium etli, a nitrogen-fixing symbiont of common beans, carries a single gap gene responsible for both GAPDH glycolytic and gluconeogenic activities. An active Gap protein is required throughout all stages of the symbiosis between R. etli and its host plant Phaseolus vulgaris. Both glycolytic and gluconeogenic Gap metabolic activities likely contribute to bacterial fitness during early and intermediate stages of the interaction, whereas GAPDH gluconeogenic activity seems critical for nodule invasion and nitrogen fixation. Although the R. etli Gap protein is secreted in a c-di-GMP related manner, no involvement of the R. etli gap gene in c-di-GMP related phenotypes, such as flocculation, biofilm formation or EPS production, was observed. Notably, the R. etli gap gene fully complemented a double gap1/gap2 mutant of Pseudomonas syringae for free life growth, albeit only partially in planta, suggesting potential specific roles for each type of Gap protein. Nevertheless, further research is required to unravel additional functions of the R. etli Gap protein beyond its essential metabolic roles.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium etli has a single gap gene responsible for glycolytic and gluconeogenic GAPDH activities.
- Taxon
- common beans
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Interactor
- Rhizobium etliRhizobium etlie0symbiont
- Gene
- gap genee0
- Outcome
- a single gap gene responsible for both GAPDH glycolytic and gluconeogenic activitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rhizobium etli, a nitrogen-fixing symbiont of common beans, carries a single gap gene responsible for both GAPDH glycolytic and gluconeogenic activities”
Claim · model-written summary
An active Gap protein is required through every stage of R. etli symbiosis with Phaseolus vulgaris.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Interactor
- R. etliRhizobium etlie0symbiont
- Gene
- Gap proteine0
- Outcome
- required throughout all stages of the symbiosise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An active Gap protein is required throughout all stages of the symbiosis between R. etli and its host plant Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Both glycolytic and gluconeogenic Gap activities likely support bacterial fitness in early and intermediate symbiosis stages.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Interactor
- Rhizobium etliRhizobium etlit0symbiont
- Gene
- Gape0
- Outcome
- bacterial fitnesse0
- Qualifier
- during early and intermediate stages of the interactione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both glycolytic and gluconeogenic Gap metabolic activities likely contribute to bacterial fitness during early and intermediate stages of the interaction”
t0“Rhizobium etli is required for both free life and symbiosis with common beans”
Claim · model-written summary
GAPDH gluconeogenic activity appears critical for nodule invasion.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Interactor
- Rhizobium etliRhizobium etlit0symbiont
- Gene
- GAPDHe0
- Outcome
- nodule invasione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GAPDH gluconeogenic activity seems critical for nodule invasion and nitrogen fixation”
t0“Rhizobium etli is required for both free life and symbiosis with common beans”
Claim · model-written summary
GAPDH gluconeogenic activity appears critical for nitrogen fixation.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Interactor
- Rhizobium etliRhizobium etlit0symbiont
- Gene
- GAPDHe0
- Outcome
- nitrogen fixatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GAPDH gluconeogenic activity seems critical for nodule invasion and nitrogen fixation”
t0“Rhizobium etli is required for both free life and symbiosis with common beans”
Claim · model-written summary
R. etli Gap protein secretion is related to c-di-GMP.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Interactor
- Rhizobium etliRhizobium etlit0symbiont
- Gene
- R. etli Gap proteine0
- Compound
- c-di-GMPe0
- Outcome
- Gap protein is secretede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the R. etli Gap protein is secreted in a c-di-GMP related manner”
t0“Rhizobium etli is required for both free life and symbiosis with common beans”
Claim · model-written summary
The R. etli gap gene showed no involvement in flocculation, biofilm formation, or EPS production.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Interactor
- Rhizobium etliRhizobium etlit0symbiont
- Gene
- R. etli gap genee0
- Outcome
- flocculation, biofilm formation or EPS productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no involvement of the R. etli gap gene in c-di-GMP related phenotypes, such as flocculation, biofilm formation or EPS production, was observed”
t0“Rhizobium etli is required for both free life and symbiosis with common beans”
Claim · model-written summary
The R. etli gap gene fully complemented a Pseudomonas syringae double gap1/gap2 mutant for free life growth.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- double gap1/gap2 mutante0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee0pathogen - Second interactor
- Rhizobium etliRhizobium etlit0symbiont
- Gene
- R. etli gap genee0
- Outcome
- free life growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the R. etli gap gene fully complemented a double gap1/gap2 mutant of Pseudomonas syringae for free life growth”
t0“Rhizobium etli is required for both free life and symbiosis with common beans”
Claim · model-written summary
The R. etli gap gene only partially complemented a Pseudomonas syringae double gap1/gap2 mutant in planta.
- Taxon
- common beansPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- double gap1/gap2 mutante0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringaePseudomonas syringaee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Rhizobium etliRhizobium etlit0symbiont
- Gene
- R. etli gap genee0
- Outcome
- only partially in plantae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the R. etli gap gene fully complemented a double gap1/gap2 mutant of Pseudomonas syringae for free life growth, albeit only partially in planta”
t0“Rhizobium etli is required for both free life and symbiosis with common beans”