Abstract
Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Indonesia Virus (PepYLCIV) is a damaging chili disease in Indonesia. Chili growers depend on synthetic insecticides to control the disease by suppressing its vector population, Bemisia tabaci Genn. This study assessed the efficacy of several low-risk insecticides in suppressing the B. tabaci population and PepYLCIV incidence during the dry and rainy seasons. Treatments consisted of different insecticide active ingredients, namely: Abamectin, azadirachtin, imidacloprid, deltamethrin, and spinosad. Each chemical was applied with three application frequencies: Once weekly, twice weekly, and unsprayed control. Each insecticide was applied through foliar spray at the rate recommended by the respective manufacturer. The treatments were arranged in a split-plot design, application frequency, and active ingredient served as the main plots and sub-plots, respectively. Each treatment combination had four replications of a plot each. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test (p = 0.5). In the rainy season, the vector population decreased as the season progressed with increasing rainfall. However, the PepYLCIV incidence continuously increased throughout the season. This seemed to be due to the initial disease infection taking place when the rainfall rate was low and the B. tabaci population was high early in the season. In contrast, during the dry season, the vector population and PepYLCIV incidence went up as the season progressed due to the decrease in the rainfall rate. All insecticides tested were effective in controlling the disease and its vector. One and two weekly applications provided the same efficacy of the pest control, thus, the current local farmers' practice of 2-3 applications per week is unnecessary.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
All tested low-risk insecticides were effective in controlling PepYLCIV and its vector Bemisia tabaci on chili.
- Taxon
- Chilit0
- Treatment
- low-risk insecticidest1
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci
Bemisia tabacie1pest - Second interactor
- Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Indonesia VirusPepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- controlling the disease and its vectore2
- Direction
- effectivee2
- Comparator
- unsprayed controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Incidence on Chili”
t1“Effects of Selected Low-Risk Insecticides”
e0“Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Indonesia Virus (PepYLCIV) is a damaging chili disease in Indonesia”
e1“Bemisia tabaci Genn.”
e2“All insecticides tested were effective in controlling the disease and its vector”
e7“Once weekly, twice weekly, and unsprayed control”
Claim · model-written summary
One and two weekly insecticide applications gave the same efficacy in pest control on chili.
- Taxon
- Chilit0
- Treatment
- One and two weekly applicationse3
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie1pest
- Outcome
- efficacy of the pest controle3
- Direction
- same efficacye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Incidence on Chili”
e1“Bemisia tabaci Genn.”
e3“One and two weekly applications provided the same efficacy of the pest control, thus, the current local farmers' practice of 2-3 applications per week is unnecessary”
Claim · model-written summary
The current local practice of 2-3 insecticide applications per week is unnecessary on chili.
Verbatim
t0“Incidence on Chili”
e3“the current local farmers' practice of 2-3 applications per week is unnecessary”
Claim · model-written summary
In the rainy season, the vector population decreased as the season progressed with increasing rainfall.
Verbatim
t0“Incidence on Chili”
e4“In the rainy season, the vector population decreased as the season progressed with increasing rainfall”
Claim · model-written summary
In the rainy season, PepYLCIV incidence continuously increased throughout the season.
Verbatim
t0“Incidence on Chili”
e0“Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Indonesia Virus (PepYLCIV) is a damaging chili disease in Indonesia”
e5“However, the PepYLCIV incidence continuously increased throughout the season”
Claim · model-written summary
In the dry season, vector population and PepYLCIV incidence went up as the season progressed with the decrease in rainfall rate.
Verbatim
t0“Incidence on Chili”
e6“In contrast, during the dry season, the vector population and PepYLCIV incidence went up as the season progressed due to the decrease in the rainfall rate”
The same questions in other papers
insecticide · Bemisia tabaci · Capsicum (peppers)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.