Abstract
Drechslera graminea is the causal agent of leaf-stripe disease in barley leading to substantial crop losses. The current work aimed to investigate the antagonistic activity of Trichoderma harzianum against D. graminea. Pathogen was isolated from the naturally infected barely leaves and molecularly identified. The identified isolate was deposited in GenBank with an accession number of OR827023. In vitro dual culture assay showed a decrease in D. graminea radial growth with a growth inhibition percentage of 77.8 %. T. harzianum culture filtrate (TCF) (30×106 spore/ ml) was efficiently applied in the greenhouse causing a significant reduction in final disease severity (FDS %) by 77 %, compared to the positive control. Moreover, application of TCF against the natural infection in the open field reduced FDS, the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), and the average coefficient of infection (ACI). Furthermore, TCF significantly improved yield components compared to the untreated control. To assess the plant response on a molecular basis, the protein profile was analyzed showing a wide range of variability. Five polymorphic bands were recognized; mainly 66, 48, 35, 29, and 16 kDa. The band with a molecular weight of 66 kDa had completely disappeared in the negative control, but was observed in the positive control and upon application of TCF. Meanwhile, the bands with molecular weights of 35, 29, and 16 kDa were recorded only in the positive control but were completely vanished in the negative control and upon application of TCF. Additionally, upon application of TCF under the infection stress, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) mRNA transcript accumulation had increased significantly in a way that exceeded two-fold of the non-infected control. Finally, it was concluded that T. harzianum was able to reduce leaf-stripe infection damage and promoted the barley-induced resistance in the susceptible cultivars; with the improvement of vegetative growth parameters, which may be a real prospect for leaf-stripe disease management in the future.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The pathogen isolate was identified and deposited as OR827023.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Interactor
- Drechslera graminea
Pyrenophora gramineae1pathogen - Outcome
- identified isolate was deposited in GenBanke0
- Value
- OR827023e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Pathogen was isolated from the naturally infected barely leaves and molecularly identified. The identified isolate was deposited in GenBank with an accession number of OR827023”
t0“barley”
e1“Drechslera graminea”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual culture reduced D. graminea radial growth by 77.8%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- dual culture assaye0
- Interactor
- D. gramineaPyrenophora gramineae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- D. graminea radial growthe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 77.8 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro dual culture assay showed a decrease in D. graminea radial growth with a growth inhibition percentage of 77.8 %”
t0“barley”
e1“Trichoderma harzianum”
Claim · model-written summary
TCF reduced greenhouse disease severity by 77% versus positive control.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum culture filtrate (TCF) (30×106 spore/ ml)e0
- Interactor
- Drechslera gramineaPyrenophora gramineae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- final disease severity (FDS %)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 77 %e0
- Comparator
- positive controle0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. harzianum culture filtrate (TCF) (30×106 spore/ ml) was efficiently applied in the greenhouse causing a significant reduction in final disease severity (FDS %) by 77 %, compared to the positive control”
t0“barley”
e1“Drechslera graminea”
Claim · model-written summary
Field TCF reduced final disease severity, AUDPC and average infection coefficient.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- application of TCFe0
- Interactor
- Drechslera gramineaPyrenophora gramineae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- FDS, the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), and the average coefficient of infection (ACI)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- open fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of TCF against the natural infection in the open field reduced FDS, the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), and the average coefficient of infection (ACI)”
t0“barley”
e1“Drechslera graminea”
e2“T. harzianum culture filtrate (TCF)”
Claim · model-written summary
TCF significantly improved yield components over untreated control.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- TCFe0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- yield componentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TCF significantly improved yield components compared to the untreated control”
t0“barley”
e1“T. harzianum culture filtrate (TCF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein profiles showed five polymorphic bands.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- polymorphic bandse0
- Value
- Fivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five polymorphic bands were recognized; mainly 66, 48, 35, 29, and 16 kDa”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
A 66 kDa band was absent in negative control but present in positive control and TCF treatment.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- application of TCFe0
- Outcome
- band with a molecular weight of 66 kDae0
- Comparator
- negative controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“band with a molecular weight of 66 kDa had completely disappeared in the negative control, but was observed in the positive control and upon application of TCF”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The 35, 29 and 16 kDa bands appeared only in positive control and disappeared with TCF.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- application of TCFe0
- Outcome
- bands with molecular weights of 35, 29, and 16 kDae0
- Comparator
- positive controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bands with molecular weights of 35, 29, and 16 kDa were recorded only in the positive control but were completely vanished in the negative control and upon application of TCF”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
TCF under infection raised PAL mRNA above twice the noninfected control.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- application of TCFe0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)e0
- Outcome
- mRNA transcript accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- two-folde0
- Comparator
- non-infected controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upon application of TCF under the infection stress, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) mRNA transcript accumulation had increased significantly in a way that exceeded two-fold of the non-infected control”
t0“barley”
e1“T. harzianum culture filtrate (TCF)”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma harzianum · Pyrenophora graminea · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
pathogen product · Pyrenophora graminea · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.