Abstract
A study was carried out during three successive winter (rabi) seasons (2018–19 to 2020–21) at the Agricultural Research Station in Ummedganj, Kota, Rajasthan to determine the productivity and economic viability of intercropping systems based on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan. Nine various chickpeabased intercropping systems, viz. Sole chickpea; Sole linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.); Sole coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.); Sole wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); Sole mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.]; Chickpea + linseed (6:2); Chickpea + coriander (6:2); Chickpea + wheat (6:2); and Chickpea + mustard (6:2) were investigated in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. According to combined statistics, the chickpea + mustard intercropping system had the highest chickpea grain yield and equivalent yield (1,865 kg/ha and 2,574 kg/ ha, respectively) when compared to all other intercropping systems. Results of competitive indices revealed that compared to rest of the intercropping system, chickpea + mustard (6:2) recorded significantly higher LER (1.25), MAI (18,462) and SPI (2912 kg/ha), while the lowest land equivalent ratio (LER), monetary advantage index (MAI), system productivity index (SPI) and production efficiency (PE) were recorded in the chickpea + wheat intercropping system. The chickpea + mustard intercropping system yielded values of competition ratio (3.56), aggressivity (-0.05), system profitability index (2912), relative crowding coefficient (13.2), and area time equivalent ratio (1.24), that were sustainable and producible in comparison to other treatments. In terms of economics, compared to all other intercropping and solo crops, the chickpea + mustard intercropping system yielded the chickpea’s most significant net returns (`93,681/ha) and benefit cost (B:C) ratio (3.11). So, for south-eastern Rajasthan, the mustard and chickpea intercropping system is a productive and sustainable system.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
The chickpea + mustard intercropping system had the highest chickpea grain yield (1,865 kg/ha) of all intercropping systems.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume0 - Treatment
- chickpea + mustard intercropping systeme1
- Outcome
- chickpea grain yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 1,865 kg/hae1
- Comparator
- all other intercropping systemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping systems based on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan”
e1“the chickpea + mustard intercropping system had the highest chickpea grain yield and equivalent yield (1,865 kg/ha and 2,574 kg/ ha, respectively) when compared to all other intercropping systems”
Claim · model-written summary
The chickpea + mustard intercropping system had the highest equivalent yield (2,574 kg/ha) of all intercropping systems.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- chickpea + mustard intercropping systeme1
- Outcome
- equivalent yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 2,574 kg/ hae1
- Comparator
- all other intercropping systemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping systems based on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan”
e1“the chickpea + mustard intercropping system had the highest chickpea grain yield and equivalent yield (1,865 kg/ha and 2,574 kg/ ha, respectively) when compared to all other intercropping systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea + mustard (6:2) had a significantly higher land equivalent ratio (LER, 1.25) than the rest of the intercropping systems.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- chickpea + mustard (6:2)e2
- Outcome
- LERe2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 1.25e2
- Comparator
- rest of the intercropping systeme2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping systems based on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan”
e2“compared to rest of the intercropping system, chickpea + mustard (6:2) recorded significantly higher LER (1.25), MAI (18,462) and SPI (2912 kg/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea + mustard (6:2) had a significantly higher monetary advantage index (MAI, 18,462) than the rest of the intercropping systems.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- chickpea + mustard (6:2)e2
- Outcome
- MAIe2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 18,462e2
- Comparator
- rest of the intercropping systeme2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping systems based on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan”
e2“compared to rest of the intercropping system, chickpea + mustard (6:2) recorded significantly higher LER (1.25), MAI (18,462) and SPI (2912 kg/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea + mustard (6:2) had a significantly higher system productivity index (SPI, 2912 kg/ha) than the rest of the intercropping systems.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- chickpea + mustard (6:2)e2
- Outcome
- SPIe2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 2912 kg/hae2
- Comparator
- rest of the intercropping systeme2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping systems based on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan”
e2“compared to rest of the intercropping system, chickpea + mustard (6:2) recorded significantly higher LER (1.25), MAI (18,462) and SPI (2912 kg/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
The chickpea + wheat intercropping system had the lowest land equivalent ratio (LER), monetary advantage index (MAI) and system productivity index (SPI).
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- chickpea + wheat intercropping systeme3
- Outcome
- land equivalent ratio (LER), monetary advantage index (MAI), system productivity index (SPI)e3
- Direction
- loweste3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping systems based on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan”
e3“while the lowest land equivalent ratio (LER), monetary advantage index (MAI), system productivity index (SPI) and production efficiency (PE) were recorded in the chickpea + wheat intercropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
The chickpea + wheat intercropping system had the lowest production efficiency (PE).
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- chickpea + wheat intercropping systeme3
- Outcome
- production efficiency (PE)e3
- Direction
- loweste3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping systems based on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan”
e3“while the lowest land equivalent ratio (LER), monetary advantage index (MAI), system productivity index (SPI) and production efficiency (PE) were recorded in the chickpea + wheat intercropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
The chickpea + mustard intercropping system had a competition ratio of 3.56.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- chickpea + mustard intercropping systeme4
- Outcome
- competition ratioe4
- Value
- 3.56e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping systems based on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan”
e4“The chickpea + mustard intercropping system yielded values of competition ratio (3.56), aggressivity (-0.05), system profitability index (2912), relative crowding coefficient (13.2), and area time equivalent ratio (1.24), that were sustainable and producible in comparison to other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The chickpea + mustard intercropping system had an aggressivity of -0.05.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- chickpea + mustard intercropping systeme4
- Outcome
- aggressivitye4
- Value
- -0.05e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping systems based on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan”
e4“The chickpea + mustard intercropping system yielded values of competition ratio (3.56), aggressivity (-0.05), system profitability index (2912), relative crowding coefficient (13.2), and area time equivalent ratio (1.24), that were sustainable and producible in comparison to other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The chickpea + mustard intercropping system had a system profitability index of 2912.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- chickpea + mustard intercropping systeme4
- Outcome
- system profitability indexe4
- Value
- 2912e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping systems based on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan”
e4“The chickpea + mustard intercropping system yielded values of competition ratio (3.56), aggressivity (-0.05), system profitability index (2912), relative crowding coefficient (13.2), and area time equivalent ratio (1.24), that were sustainable and producible in comparison to other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The chickpea + mustard intercropping system had a relative crowding coefficient of 13.2.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- chickpea + mustard intercropping systeme4
- Outcome
- relative crowding coefficiente4
- Value
- 13.2e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping systems based on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan”
e4“The chickpea + mustard intercropping system yielded values of competition ratio (3.56), aggressivity (-0.05), system profitability index (2912), relative crowding coefficient (13.2), and area time equivalent ratio (1.24), that were sustainable and producible in comparison to other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The chickpea + mustard intercropping system had an area time equivalent ratio of 1.24.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- chickpea + mustard intercropping systeme4
- Outcome
- area time equivalent ratioe4
- Value
- 1.24e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping systems based on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan”
e4“The chickpea + mustard intercropping system yielded values of competition ratio (3.56), aggressivity (-0.05), system profitability index (2912), relative crowding coefficient (13.2), and area time equivalent ratio (1.24), that were sustainable and producible in comparison to other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The chickpea + mustard intercropping system gave the most significant chickpea net returns (`93,681/ha) compared with all other intercropping and solo crops.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- chickpea + mustard intercropping systeme6
- Outcome
- net returnse6
- Direction
- most significante6
- Value
- `93,681/hae6
- Comparator
- all other intercropping and solo cropse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping systems based on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan”
e6“compared to all other intercropping and solo crops, the chickpea + mustard intercropping system yielded the chickpea’s most significant net returns (`93,681/ha) and benefit cost (B:C) ratio (3.11)”
Claim · model-written summary
The chickpea + mustard intercropping system had a benefit cost (B:C) ratio of 3.11.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- chickpea + mustard intercropping systeme6
- Outcome
- benefit cost (B:C) ratioe6
- Value
- 3.11e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping systems based on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan”
e6“compared to all other intercropping and solo crops, the chickpea + mustard intercropping system yielded the chickpea’s most significant net returns (`93,681/ha) and benefit cost (B:C) ratio (3.11)”
Claim · model-written summary
The mustard and chickpea intercropping system is recommended as a productive and sustainable system for south-eastern Rajasthan.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume7
- Outcome
- productive and sustainable systeme7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping systems based on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the Hadoti region of Rajasthan”
e7“the mustard and chickpea intercropping system is a productive and sustainable system”
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