Abstract
Salt stress has detrimental effects on wheat plants at several physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. This stress leads to suppressed growth, reduced grain yield, and poor quality of harvested grains. However, two approaches have shown promise for improving wheat salt tolerance: using a synthetic strigolactone analog called GR24 and applying plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). GR24 plays a vital role in regulating plant growth and development and in defense against various stresses. Conversely, PGPR are beneficial bacteria that colonize the rhizosphere of plants and promote their growth through multiple mechanisms. In our study, we investigated the effects of salinity on the growth and yield traits of two different wheat cultivars and explored the combined role of PGPR and GR24 in mitigating the impact of salt stress. We created three different salinity levels using NaCl in pots (original, 5 dS m−1, and 10 dS m−1) and inoculated wheat seeds with a salt-tolerant Bacillus velezensis UTB96 strain. In addition, we applied 10 μM GR24 via foliar application during the pollination stage. Our observations showed that salt stress negatively affected wheat’s growth, yield, and phytochemical properties compared to the control. However, both single and combined applications of PGPR and GR24 mitigated the adverse effects of salinity. The combined treatment had a more substantial impact than either alone in inducing and improving biochemical and ionic characteristics. These included decreasing Na+ content in both leaves and roots, and EL, H2O2, and MDA content in leaves while increasing K+ content in both leaves and roots, growth and yield-related traits, RWC, chlorophyll pigments, total protein, soluble sugar, starch, proline, GB, and antioxidant enzyme activity (APX, POX, and CAT) of leaves. In conclusion, integrating PGPR and GR24 can efficiently induce salt tolerance and improve plant growth under stressed conditions. This combined approach has the potential for broad applicability in supporting plant growth in the presence of salt stress.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress negatively affected wheat growth, yield and phytochemical properties compared with the control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- growth, yield, and phytochemical propertiese1
- Direction
- negatively affectede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress has detrimental effects on wheat plants”
e1“Our observations showed that salt stress negatively affected wheat’s growth, yield, and phytochemical properties compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Single and combined PGPR and GR24 applications mitigated the adverse effects of salinity on wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- single and combined applications of PGPR and GR24e2
- Interactor
- Bacillus velezensis UTB96
Bacillus velezensise5symbiont - Outcome
- adverse effects of salinitye2
- Direction
- mitigatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress has detrimental effects on wheat plants”
e2“both single and combined applications of PGPR and GR24 mitigated the adverse effects of salinity”
e5“salt-tolerant Bacillus velezensis UTB96 strain”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined PGPR and GR24 treatment had a more substantial impact than either treatment alone on biochemical and ionic characteristics.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- combined treatmente3
- Outcome
- biochemical and ionic characteristicse3
- Direction
- more substantial impacte3
- Comparator
- either alonee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress has detrimental effects on wheat plants”
e3“The combined treatment had a more substantial impact than either alone in inducing and improving biochemical and ionic characteristics”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment decreased Na+ content in both leaves and roots of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse4
- Outcome
- Na+ contente4
- Direction
- decreasinge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress has detrimental effects on wheat plants”
e4“These included decreasing Na+ content in both leaves and roots, and EL, H2O2, and MDA content in leaves while increasing K+ content in both leaves and roots, growth and yield-related traits, RWC, chlorophyll pigments, total protein, soluble sugar, starch, proline, GB, and antioxidant enzyme activity (APX, POX, and CAT) of leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment decreased EL, H2O2 and MDA content in wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Outcome
- EL, H2O2, and MDA contente4
- Direction
- decreasinge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress has detrimental effects on wheat plants”
e4“These included decreasing Na+ content in both leaves and roots, and EL, H2O2, and MDA content in leaves while increasing K+ content in both leaves and roots, growth and yield-related traits, RWC, chlorophyll pigments, total protein, soluble sugar, starch, proline, GB, and antioxidant enzyme activity (APX, POX, and CAT) of leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased K+ content in wheat leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse4
- Outcome
- K+ contente4
- Direction
- increasinge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress has detrimental effects on wheat plants”
e4“These included decreasing Na+ content in both leaves and roots, and EL, H2O2, and MDA content in leaves while increasing K+ content in both leaves and roots, growth and yield-related traits, RWC, chlorophyll pigments, total protein, soluble sugar, starch, proline, GB, and antioxidant enzyme activity (APX, POX, and CAT) of leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased growth and yield-related traits of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- combined treatmente3
- Outcome
- growth and yield-related traitse4
- Direction
- increasinge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress has detrimental effects on wheat plants”
e3“The combined treatment had a more substantial impact than either alone in inducing and improving biochemical and ionic characteristics”
e4“These included decreasing Na+ content in both leaves and roots, and EL, H2O2, and MDA content in leaves while increasing K+ content in both leaves and roots, growth and yield-related traits, RWC, chlorophyll pigments, total protein, soluble sugar, starch, proline, GB, and antioxidant enzyme activity (APX, POX, and CAT) of leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased RWC, chlorophyll pigments and total protein in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- combined treatmente3
- Outcome
- RWC, chlorophyll pigments, total proteine4
- Direction
- increasinge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress has detrimental effects on wheat plants”
e3“The combined treatment had a more substantial impact than either alone in inducing and improving biochemical and ionic characteristics”
e4“These included decreasing Na+ content in both leaves and roots, and EL, H2O2, and MDA content in leaves while increasing K+ content in both leaves and roots, growth and yield-related traits, RWC, chlorophyll pigments, total protein, soluble sugar, starch, proline, GB, and antioxidant enzyme activity (APX, POX, and CAT) of leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased soluble sugar, starch and proline in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- combined treatmente3
- Outcome
- soluble sugar, starch, prolinee4
- Direction
- increasinge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress has detrimental effects on wheat plants”
e3“The combined treatment had a more substantial impact than either alone in inducing and improving biochemical and ionic characteristics”
e4“These included decreasing Na+ content in both leaves and roots, and EL, H2O2, and MDA content in leaves while increasing K+ content in both leaves and roots, growth and yield-related traits, RWC, chlorophyll pigments, total protein, soluble sugar, starch, proline, GB, and antioxidant enzyme activity (APX, POX, and CAT) of leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased GB in wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- combined treatmente3
- Outcome
- GBe4
- Direction
- increasinge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress has detrimental effects on wheat plants”
e3“The combined treatment had a more substantial impact than either alone in inducing and improving biochemical and ionic characteristics”
e4“These included decreasing Na+ content in both leaves and roots, and EL, H2O2, and MDA content in leaves while increasing K+ content in both leaves and roots, growth and yield-related traits, RWC, chlorophyll pigments, total protein, soluble sugar, starch, proline, GB, and antioxidant enzyme activity (APX, POX, and CAT) of leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased antioxidant enzyme activity (APX, POX and CAT) in wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- combined treatmente3
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activity (APX, POX, and CAT)e4
- Direction
- increasinge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress has detrimental effects on wheat plants”
e3“The combined treatment had a more substantial impact than either alone in inducing and improving biochemical and ionic characteristics”
e4“These included decreasing Na+ content in both leaves and roots, and EL, H2O2, and MDA content in leaves while increasing K+ content in both leaves and roots, growth and yield-related traits, RWC, chlorophyll pigments, total protein, soluble sugar, starch, proline, GB, and antioxidant enzyme activity (APX, POX, and CAT) of leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrating PGPR and GR24 can induce salt tolerance and improve growth of wheat under stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- integrating PGPR and GR24e6
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee6
- Direction
- inducee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress has detrimental effects on wheat plants”
e6“In conclusion, integrating PGPR and GR24 can efficiently induce salt tolerance and improve plant growth under stressed conditions”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
196 papers in the same direction as this paper · 30 in the opposite direction
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