Abstract
Abstract Backround and aims The main cause of magnesium (Mg) deficiency is its competition with potassium (K). Maize, as the world’s most widely grown crop, has a high risk of interplay with poorly balanced soils. Since foliar fertilization is applied when availability and distribution of nutrients is limited, this study aimed to determine whether Mg foliar application (FA) is to be favored over root resupply (RS) under such conditions. Methods Plants of Zea mays L. were grown hydroponically with low and sufficient Mg supply under adequate to excess [K]. These ratios were combined with FA or RS of Mg, and plants were analyzed for Mg uptake, translocation and distribution. The primary physiological functions of Mg were quantified by chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and starch accumulation. Results Maize showed a restriction in the uptake antagonism of Mg by K, synergism in translocation, but no effect at distribution. Whilst tissue [Mg] remained unaffected by K, the increased K/Mg ratio impaired the physiological functions of Mg. The FA significantly reduced this K/Mg ratio, but neither the decline in chlorophyll levels and photosynthesis nor starch accumulation was reduced any faster or more markedly than by RS via nutrient solution (NS). Conclusions Foliar Mg application is an effective alternative under high K/Mg ratios, but due to the restricted antagonism and the unknown suppressive mechanism of K on the physiological functions of Mg it is not superior to a RS via NS. Under field conditions when compared to soil fertilization, however, it may offer a decisive advantage.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Maize showed restricted K antagonism of Mg uptake.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize showed a restriction in the uptake antagonism of Mg by K, synergism in translocation, but no effect at distribution”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium synergistically enhanced Mg translocation in maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize showed a restriction in the uptake antagonism of Mg by K, synergism in translocation, but no effect at distribution”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium had no effect on Mg distribution in maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize showed a restriction in the uptake antagonism of Mg by K, synergism in translocation, but no effect at distribution”
Claim · model-written summary
Tissue Mg concentration in maize remained unaffected by K.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize showed a restriction in the uptake antagonism of Mg by K, synergism in translocation, but no effect at distribution”
e2“Whilst tissue [Mg] remained unaffected by K”
Claim · model-written summary
An increased K/Mg ratio impaired the physiological functions of Mg in maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize showed a restriction in the uptake antagonism of Mg by K, synergism in translocation, but no effect at distribution”
e3“the increased K/Mg ratio impaired the physiological functions of Mg”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Mg application significantly reduced the K/Mg ratio compared with root resupply in maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize showed a restriction in the uptake antagonism of Mg by K, synergism in translocation, but no effect at distribution”
e4“The FA significantly reduced this K/Mg ratio, but neither the decline in chlorophyll levels and photosynthesis nor starch accumulation was reduced any faster or more markedly than by RS via nutrient solution (NS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Mg application did not reduce chlorophyll, photosynthesis or starch accumulation faster than root resupply in maize.
- Treatment
- FAe4
- Outcome
- decline in chlorophyll levels and photosynthesis nor starch accumulatione4
- Direction
- reduced any faster or more markedlye4
- Comparator
- RS via nutrient solution (NS)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize showed a restriction in the uptake antagonism of Mg by K, synergism in translocation, but no effect at distribution”
e4“The FA significantly reduced this K/Mg ratio, but neither the decline in chlorophyll levels and photosynthesis nor starch accumulation was reduced any faster or more markedly than by RS via nutrient solution (NS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Mg application is an effective alternative under high K/Mg ratios in maize.
- Outcome
- Foliar Mg application is an effective alternative under high K/Mg ratiose7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize showed a restriction in the uptake antagonism of Mg by K, synergism in translocation, but no effect at distribution”
e7“Foliar Mg application is an effective alternative under high K/Mg ratios”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Mg application is not superior to root resupply via nutrient solution in maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize showed a restriction in the uptake antagonism of Mg by K, synergism in translocation, but no effect at distribution”
e5“Foliar Mg application is an effective alternative under high K/Mg ratios, but due to the restricted antagonism and the unknown suppressive mechanism of K on the physiological functions of Mg it is not superior to a RS via NS”
Claim · model-written summary
Under field conditions, foliar Mg application may offer a decisive advantage over soil fertilization.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize showed a restriction in the uptake antagonism of Mg by K, synergism in translocation, but no effect at distribution”
e6“Under field conditions when compared to soil fertilization, however, it may offer a decisive advantage”
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See all 161 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.