Abstract
Climate adaptation offers promising approaches to cope with the detrimental impacts of climate change on rainfed agriculture, intending to mitigate yield losses and safeguard food security worldwide. This is especially critical in the semi-arid tropics, characterized by highly variable and often intensified rainfall regimes. The current study explored the potential contribution of climate adaptation measures, specifically sowing windows and supplemental irrigation (SI), to offset the impacts of rainfall variability on rainfed crop yield in the Thondamuthur block, India. Under the proposed adaptation measures, this study analyzed the relationship between historical rainfall variability (1951–2019) and rice, maize, and sorghum yield anomalies. A seamlessly integrated framework was developed to link rainfall variability analysis with yield response simulations using the AquaCrop model. Rainfall classification analysis indicated an increase in rainfall availability during the Kharif season and a decrease during the Rabi season in Period III compared with the baseline. The late-sown Kharif and early-sown Rabi crops demonstrated effective climate adaptation, with the 27th and 38th SMWs identified as optimal climate-adapted sowing weeks, respectively. Significant decreases of 10% and 12% in SI requirements were observed in early-sown Rabi maize and sorghum, respectively. The results showed that substituting Rabi rice and maize with Rabi sorghum led to reductions of 90% and 75% in seasonal SI requirements, respectively. The early-sown Rabi rice and maize contributed to 88% and 12% relative yield increases, respectively, compared with the normal-sown. This study highlights the effectiveness of climate adaptation measures in enabling farmers to withstand climate-induced anomalies.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Rainfall availability increased during the Kharif season in Period III compared with the baseline.
- Taxon
- rice, maize, and sorghum
Oryza sativa
Sorghum
Zea mayse2 - Outcome
- rainfall availabilitye1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Qualifier
- during the Kharif seasone1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Rainfall classification analysis indicated an increase in rainfall availability during the Kharif season and a decrease during the Rabi season in Period III compared with the baseline”
e2“analyzed the relationship between historical rainfall variability (1951–2019) and rice, maize, and sorghum yield anomalies”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainfall availability decreased during the Rabi season in Period III compared with the baseline.
- Taxon
- rice, maize, and sorghumOryza sativaSorghumZea mayse2
- Outcome
- rainfall availabilitye1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Qualifier
- during the Rabi seasone1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Rainfall classification analysis indicated an increase in rainfall availability during the Kharif season and a decrease during the Rabi season in Period III compared with the baseline”
e2“analyzed the relationship between historical rainfall variability (1951–2019) and rice, maize, and sorghum yield anomalies”
Claim · model-written summary
The 27th sowing week was identified as optimal climate-adapted sowing week for late-sown Kharif crops.
- Taxon
- rice, maize, and sorghumOryza sativaSorghumZea mayse2
- Outcome
- optimal climate-adapted sowing weekse3
- Value
- 27the3
- Qualifier
- late-sown Kharife3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“analyzed the relationship between historical rainfall variability (1951–2019) and rice, maize, and sorghum yield anomalies”
e3“The late-sown Kharif and early-sown Rabi crops demonstrated effective climate adaptation, with the 27th and 38th SMWs identified as optimal climate-adapted sowing weeks, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The 38th sowing week was identified as optimal climate-adapted sowing week for early-sown Rabi crops.
- Taxon
- rice, maize, and sorghumOryza sativaSorghumZea mayse2
- Outcome
- optimal climate-adapted sowing weekse3
- Value
- 38the3
- Qualifier
- early-sown Rabie3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“analyzed the relationship between historical rainfall variability (1951–2019) and rice, maize, and sorghum yield anomalies”
e3“The late-sown Kharif and early-sown Rabi crops demonstrated effective climate adaptation, with the 27th and 38th SMWs identified as optimal climate-adapted sowing weeks, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental irrigation requirements decreased by 10% in early-sown Rabi maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Significant decreases of 10% and 12% in SI requirements were observed in early-sown Rabi maize and sorghum, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental irrigation requirements decreased by 12% in early-sown Rabi sorghum.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Significant decreases of 10% and 12% in SI requirements were observed in early-sown Rabi maize and sorghum, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Substituting Rabi sorghum for Rabi rice reduced seasonal supplemental irrigation requirements by 90%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Treatment
- substituting Rabi rice and maize with Rabi sorghume5
- Outcome
- seasonal SI requirementse5
- Direction
- reductionse5
- Value
- 90%e5
- Comparator
- Rabi ricee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“substituting Rabi rice and maize with Rabi sorghum led to reductions of 90% and 75% in seasonal SI requirements, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Substituting Rabi sorghum for Rabi maize reduced seasonal supplemental irrigation requirements by 75%.
Verbatim
e5“substituting Rabi rice and maize with Rabi sorghum led to reductions of 90% and 75% in seasonal SI requirements, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-sown Rabi rice had 88% relative yield increase compared with normal-sown.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae6
- Treatment
- early-sowne6
- Outcome
- relative yielde6
- Direction
- increasese6
- Value
- 88%e6
- Comparator
- normal-sowne6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The early-sown Rabi rice and maize contributed to 88% and 12% relative yield increases, respectively, compared with the normal-sown”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-sown Rabi maize had 12% relative yield increase compared with normal-sown.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The early-sown Rabi rice and maize contributed to 88% and 12% relative yield increases, respectively, compared with the normal-sown”
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- no effect
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See all 193 papers →sowing time · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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See all 269 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.