Abstract
Climate change poses major challenges for agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions, with drought conditions severely affecting water-intensive crops such as tomatoes. This study evaluates the efficacy of organic amendments, derived from horse manure, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on enhancing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit quality and soil health under semi-arid field conditions. The experimental design included two irrigation regimes (well-watered and drought stress) and two levels of vermicompost application (C1 5 t ha−1 and C2 10 t ha−1), applied individually or in combination with AMF. The results indicate that drought stress reduced tomato fruit growth and yield, while osmoprotectant accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity, and bioactive compound levels increased, and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of tomato fruit also increased. Notably, the biostimulants application, especially (C1+AMF), counteracted the adverse effects of drought, compared to the control, by significantly enhancing fruit yields (60%), as well as increasing ascorbic acid levels (59%) and free amino acids content (90%). These treatments also improved the activity of bioactive compounds and nutrient uptake in the fruit. Furthermore, biostimulant application positively affected the physicochemical properties of soil. The results obtained confirm that the application of biostimulants can be suitable for improving crop sustainability and adaptability under conditions of water stress in semi-arid field regions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced tomato fruit growth and yield.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- tomato fruit growth and yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought stress reduced tomato fruit growth and yield”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased osmoprotectant accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity in tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- drought stresse2
- Outcome
- osmoprotectant accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“osmoprotectant accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity, and bioactive compound levels increased”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e2“drought stress reduced tomato fruit growth and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased tomato fruit bioactive compound levels.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- drought stresse2
- Outcome
- bioactive compound levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bioactive compound levels increased”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e2“drought stress reduced tomato fruit growth and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased tomato fruit radical scavenging activity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- drought stresse1
- Outcome
- 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of tomato fruite0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of tomato fruit also increased”
e1“drought stress reduced tomato fruit growth and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Biostimulants, especially C1+AMF, increased fruit yields by 60% versus control under drought.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- C1+AMFe0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie2symbiont
- Outcome
- fruit yieldse0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Value
- 60%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biostimulants application, especially (C1+AMF), counteracted the adverse effects of drought, compared to the control, by significantly enhancing fruit yields (60%)”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biostimulants, especially C1+AMF, increased ascorbic acid levels by 59% versus control under drought.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- C1+AMFe0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie2symbiont
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid levelse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 59%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“especially (C1+AMF), counteracted the adverse effects of drought, compared to the control, by significantly enhancing fruit yields (60%), as well as increasing ascorbic acid levels (59%)”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biostimulants, especially C1+AMF, increased free amino acid content by 90% versus control under drought.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- C1+AMFe0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie2symbiont
- Outcome
- free amino acids contente0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 90%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“especially (C1+AMF), counteracted the adverse effects of drought, compared to the control, by significantly enhancing fruit yields (60%), as well as increasing ascorbic acid levels (59%) and free amino acids content (90%)”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biostimulant treatments improved tomato fruit bioactive compound activity and nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- These treatmentse0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie2symbiont
- Outcome
- activity of bioactive compounds and nutrient uptake in the fruite0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These treatments also improved the activity of bioactive compounds and nutrient uptake in the fruit”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biostimulants positively affected soil physicochemical properties.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- biostimulant applicatione0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie2symbiont
- Outcome
- physicochemical properties of soile0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biostimulant application positively affected the physicochemical properties of soil”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude biostimulants can improve crop sustainability and adaptability under water stress in semi-arid fields.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- application of biostimulants can be suitable for improving crop sustainability and adaptabilitye0
- Qualifier
- under conditions of water stress in semi-arid field regionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of biostimulants can be suitable for improving crop sustainability and adaptability under conditions of water stress in semi-arid field regions”
e1“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
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