Abstract
Drought stress is a major environmental factor limiting sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) growth and productivity, worldwide. Although there has been research on the use of zinc (Zn) to alleviate drought stress in sunflower, more has yet to be indicated on how Zn may affect sunflower yield and biochemical properties in drought stress conditions as the objective of the present research. The field experiment was a split plot on the basis of a complete randomized block design with 18 treatments and 3 replicates conducted in the province of Fars, Iran, in 2018. The experimental treatments of drought (main plots) including irrigating at 70 (control, S1), 105 (mild, S2) and 140 mm (severe, S3) evaporation from the evaporation pan and the sub plots (factorial arrangement) of sunflower genotypes (Shams and Barzegar) and Zn fertilizer (ZnSO4) at 0, 40 and 70 kgha−1 were tested. Different sunflower, growth, yield and biochemical parameters were determined. Stress significantly affected leaf area index (LAI), tray diameter (TD), grain weight (GW), infertile seeds (I), water use efficiency (WUE) and proline (Pr), and genotype was significant on LAI, TD, number of grains per tray (NGT), GW, WUE, and grain protein (PP). However, Zn significantly increased LAI, PP, GW and WUE by 50, 5.9, 35 and 32%, respectively. Zn fertilization can alleviate the unfavourable effects of drought stress on sunflower yield and biochemical properties by improving plant growth (LAI), yield (grain weight), and physiology (water use efficiency and protein percentage), and genotype is a determining factor.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertilization significantly increased leaf area index (LAI) by 50% in sunflower under drought stress.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- Zne1
- Outcome
- LAIe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 50e1
- Setting
- province of Fars, Irane0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower grain yield and oil content”
e0“conducted in the province of Fars, Iran, in 2018”
e1“Zn significantly increased LAI, PP, GW and WUE by 50, 5.9, 35 and 32%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertilization significantly increased grain protein percentage (PP) by 5.9% in sunflower under drought stress.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Zne1
- Outcome
- PPe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 5.9e1
- Setting
- province of Fars, Irane0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower grain yield and oil content”
e0“conducted in the province of Fars, Iran, in 2018”
e1“Zn significantly increased LAI, PP, GW and WUE by 50, 5.9, 35 and 32%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertilization significantly increased grain weight (GW) by 35% in sunflower under drought stress.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Zne1
- Outcome
- GWe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 35e1
- Setting
- province of Fars, Irane0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower grain yield and oil content”
e0“conducted in the province of Fars, Iran, in 2018”
e1“Zn significantly increased LAI, PP, GW and WUE by 50, 5.9, 35 and 32%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertilization significantly increased water use efficiency (WUE) by 32% in sunflower under drought stress.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Zne1
- Outcome
- WUEe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 32%e1
- Setting
- province of Fars, Irane0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower grain yield and oil content”
e0“conducted in the province of Fars, Iran, in 2018”
e1“Zn significantly increased LAI, PP, GW and WUE by 50, 5.9, 35 and 32%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress significantly affected leaf area index, tray diameter and grain weight in sunflower.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Stresse2
- Outcome
- leaf area index (LAI), tray diameter (TD), grain weight (GW)e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower grain yield and oil content”
e2“Stress significantly affected leaf area index (LAI), tray diameter (TD), grain weight (GW), infertile seeds (I), water use efficiency (WUE) and proline (Pr)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress significantly affected infertile seeds, water use efficiency and proline in sunflower.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Stresse2
- Outcome
- infertile seeds (I), water use efficiency (WUE) and proline (Pr)e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower grain yield and oil content”
e2“Stress significantly affected leaf area index (LAI), tray diameter (TD), grain weight (GW), infertile seeds (I), water use efficiency (WUE) and proline (Pr)”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype was significant for leaf area index, tray diameter and number of grains per tray in sunflower.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- genotypee3
- Outcome
- LAI, TD, number of grains per tray (NGT)e3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower grain yield and oil content”
e3“genotype was significant on LAI, TD, number of grains per tray (NGT), GW, WUE, and grain protein (PP)”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype was significant for grain weight, water use efficiency and grain protein in sunflower.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- genotypee3
- Outcome
- GW, WUE, and grain protein (PP)e3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower grain yield and oil content”
e3“genotype was significant on LAI, TD, number of grains per tray (NGT), GW, WUE, and grain protein (PP)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertilization can alleviate the unfavourable effects of drought stress on sunflower yield and biochemical properties.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse4
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione4
- Outcome
- unfavourable effects of drought stresse4
- Direction
- alleviatee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sunflower grain yield and oil content”
e4“Zn fertilization can alleviate the unfavourable effects of drought stress on sunflower yield and biochemical properties by improving plant growth (LAI), yield (grain weight), and physiology (water use efficiency and protein percentage)”
The same questions in other papers
zinc atom · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
25 papers more in this group
See all 29 papers →zinc atom · yield · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
42 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
42 papers more in this group
See all 46 papers →zinc atom · physiology: water · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.