Abstract
There is a pressing need to develop alternative management strategies for the soybean cyst nematode ( Heterodera glycines), the most costly pathogen to soybeans. Plant elicitor peptides (PEPs), which are produced by plants in response to stress and stimulate broad-spectrum disease resistance, were previously shown to reduce soybean cyst nematode infection on soybeans when applied as a seed treatment. Here, we introduce an alternative method to deliver PEPs to soybean using a common plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, Bacillus subtilis, as a bacterial expression system. Similar to the empty vector control, B. subtilis engineered to express a PEP from soybean (GmPEP3) was able to colonize soybean roots and persisted on roots more than a month after treatment. Compared with water or the empty vector control, plants that received a seed treatment with B. subtilis expressing GmPEP3 (B.+GmPEP3) were significantly taller early in vegetative growth (V1 stage) and had lower chlorophyll content in the reproductive stage (R3/R4); these results suggest that GmPEP3 may hasten growth and subsequent senescence. When plants were inoculated with soybean cyst nematode at the V1 stage, those pretreated with B.+GmPEP3 supported significantly fewer nematode eggs at the reproductive stage (R3/R4) than plants treated with water or the empty vector. The effects of B.+GmPEP3 on nematode infection and plant growth appeared to be due primarily to the peptide itself because no significant differences were observed between plants treated with water or with B. subtilis expressing the empty vector. These results indicate the ability of B. subtilis to deliver defense activators for nematode management on soybean.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Both engineered and empty-vector B. subtilis colonized soybean roots and persisted more than a month.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Interactor
- B. subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0symbiont - Outcome
- colonize soybean roots and persisted on rootse0
- Value
- more than a monthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar to the empty vector control, B. subtilis engineered to express a PEP from soybean (GmPEP3) was able to colonize soybean roots and persisted on roots more than a month after treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with B.+GmPEP3 made soybean plants significantly taller at V1 than water or empty-vector treatment.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- V1 stagee0
- Treatment
- seed treatment with B. subtilis expressing GmPEP3e0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- tallere0
- Direction
- tallere0
- Comparator
- water or the empty vector controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with water or the empty vector control, plants that received a seed treatment with B. subtilis expressing GmPEP3 (B.+GmPEP3) were significantly taller early in vegetative growth (V1 stage)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
B.+GmPEP3 treatment significantly lowered chlorophyll content at R3/R4.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- R3/R4e0
- Treatment
- seed treatment with B. subtilis expressing GmPEP3e1
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise1symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- water or the empty vector controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“had lower chlorophyll content in the reproductive stage (R3/R4)”
e1“Compared with water or the empty vector control, plants that received a seed treatment with B. subtilis expressing GmPEP3 (B.+GmPEP3) were significantly taller”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants pretreated with B.+GmPEP3 supported significantly fewer nematode eggs at R3/R4 than water- or empty-vector-treated plants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- R3/R4e0
- Treatment
- B.+GmPEP3e0
- Interactor
- Heterodera glycines
Heterodera glycinese1pathogen - Second interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilise2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- nematode eggse0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Comparator
- water or the empty vectore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those pretreated with B.+GmPEP3 supported significantly fewer nematode eggs at the reproductive stage (R3/R4) than plants treated with water or the empty vector”
e1“soybean cyst nematode ( Heterodera glycines)”
e2“using a common plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, Bacillus subtilis”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Water and B. subtilis empty-vector treatments showed no significant difference in nematode infection or plant growth.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- B. subtilis expressing the empty vectore0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- nematode infection and plant growthe1
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant differences were observed between plants treated with water or with B. subtilis expressing the empty vector”
e1“effects of B.+GmPEP3 on nematode infection and plant growth”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret the infection and growth effects as primarily due to GmPEP3 itself.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- GmPEP3e0
- Outcome
- nematode infection and plant growthe0
- Qualifier
- appeared to be due primarily to the peptide itselfe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of B.+GmPEP3 on nematode infection and plant growth appeared to be due primarily to the peptide itself”
t0“Soybean”
The same questions in other papers
Bacillus subtilis · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 21 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.