Abstract
Abstract Wheat grains were collected from various locations in six governorates of Egypt and subjected to isolation trials. The isolated fungi were identified as Aspergillus spp. followed by Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Rhizopus spp. and other unidentified fungi, in that respective order. All isolated A . flavus strains (16 isolates) were screened for their ability to produce aflatoxins (AFs) on synthetic medium under long (365 nm wavelength) UV irradiation to determine their mycotoxin production capabilities. Data revealed that seven toxigenic isolates of A. flavus exhibited high fluorescent color. A preliminary test using TLC technique detected high production of aflatoxins by A . flavus isolates 2, 3, 4 and 6. The concentrations of AFs produced by positive A. flavus strains were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), to confirm high production of AFs by the 4 isolates. The A . flavus strain with the highest AFs production was selected for further studies. In laboratory conditions, the inhibitory effects of various organic acids, salts and essential oils were evaluated against the linear growth of A. flavus . Results indicated complete inhibition (100%) of fungal growth at 1.0% concentrations of malic acid, potassium sorbate, thyme and carnation oils. The production of aflatoxins in stored wheat grains treated with different concentrations of essential oils, organic acids and salts was studied over 45-day period. Untreated stored wheat grains showed high concentrations of AFG 1 , AFG 2 , AFB 1 and AFB 2 produced by A. flavus compared to grains treated with essential oils (thyme and carnation), malic acid and potassium sorbate. It was observed that all types of produced AFs gradually decreased with increasing concentrations of oil, acid or salt reaching their minimum levels at the highest concentration used (8%). The data demonstrated that the lowest aflatoxin production was recorded in grains treated with 8% potassium sorbate.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus was the most frequent fungus isolated from wheat grains, followed by Alternaria, Fusarium and Rhizopus.
- Interactor
- Aspergillus spp.
Aspergilluse0pathogen - Outcome
- isolated fungie0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The isolated fungi were identified as Aspergillus spp. followed by Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Rhizopus spp. and other unidentified fungi, in that respective order.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven A. flavus isolates showed high fluorescence indicating toxigenicity.
- Interactor
- A. flavus
Aspergillus flavuse0pathogen - Outcome
- high fluorescent colore0
- Value
- sevene0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Data revealed that seven toxigenic isolates of A. flavus exhibited high fluorescent color.”
Claim · model-written summary
A. flavus isolates 2, 3, 4 and 6 had high aflatoxin production.
- Interactor
- A . flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
- Outcome
- production of aflatoxinse0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A preliminary test using TLC technique detected high production of aflatoxins by A . flavus isolates 2, 3, 4 and 6.”
Claim · model-written summary
malic acid completely inhibited A. flavus growth at 1.0%.
Not reportedTaxonInteractorComparator
Verbatim
e0“Results indicated complete inhibition (100%) of fungal growth at 1.0% concentrations of malic acid, potassium sorbate, thyme and carnation oils.”
Claim · model-written summary
potassium sorbate completely inhibited A. flavus growth at 1.0%.
Not reportedTaxonInteractorComparator
Verbatim
e0“Results indicated complete inhibition (100%) of fungal growth at 1.0% concentrations of malic acid, potassium sorbate, thyme and carnation oils.”
Claim · model-written summary
thyme completely inhibited A. flavus growth at 1.0%.
Not reportedTaxonInteractorComparator
Verbatim
e0“Results indicated complete inhibition (100%) of fungal growth at 1.0% concentrations of malic acid, potassium sorbate, thyme and carnation oils.”
Claim · model-written summary
carnation oils completely inhibited A. flavus growth at 1.0%.
Not reportedTaxonInteractorComparator
Verbatim
e0“Results indicated complete inhibition (100%) of fungal growth at 1.0% concentrations of malic acid, potassium sorbate, thyme and carnation oils.”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated wheat grains had higher aflatoxin concentrations than treated grain.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Untreatede0
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
- Outcome
- concentrations of AFG 1 , AFG 2 , AFB 1 and AFB 2e0
- Direction
- highe0
- Comparator
- grains treated with essential oils (thyme and carnation), malic acid and potassium sorbatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Untreated stored wheat grains showed high concentrations of AFG 1 , AFG 2 , AFB 1 and AFB 2 produced by A. flavus compared to grains treated with essential oils (thyme and carnation), malic acid and potassium sorbate.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aflatoxin levels declined as treatment concentration increased, reaching minima at 8%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“It was observed that all types of produced AFs gradually decreased with increasing concentrations of oil, acid or salt reaching their minimum levels at the highest concentration used (8%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight percent potassium sorbate gave the lowest aflatoxin production in stored grain.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The data demonstrated that the lowest aflatoxin production was recorded in grains treated with 8% potassium sorbate.”